法律继受中的“制度器物化”批判——以近代中国司法制度设计思路为中心
李启成法律继受中的“制度器物化”批判——以近代中国司法制度设计思路为中心
Critique of Materialization of Institution in the Transplantation of Law
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：李启成
单位：北京大学法学院
中文关键词：制度器物化;国族自觉;司法权威;法律继受
英文关键词：materialization of institution;national self-consciousness;judicial authority;transplantation of law
中文摘要：
在帝制中国,君遵君道,臣尽臣道,相互合作,共同构成 “治道”。它只有职能分工,不存在权力分立。司法是各级官府的核心职能,用“司法官兼理行政”比“行政官兼理司法”归纳官府职能更准确。在近代法律继受过程中,改革者将传统衙署归于行政范畴,新设各级审判衙门,考选合格的法官行使司法权。这种忽略固有治道的制度创设具有明显的“制度器物化”特征。继受主体缺乏国族自觉,直接导致近代司法权威难以真正确立,妨碍从功能和精神层面进行理想的法律继受。
英文摘要：
In imperial China, there was no separation of powers, but only some functional divisions of labor between various government organs. Hearing cases was the core function of bureaucracy at each level. Therefore it is more accurate to describe bureaucrats in imperial China as judicial officials concurrently in charge of administrative affairs, rather than administrative officials concurrently in charge of judicial affairs. Reformers in modern Chinese history established new courts and select judges by examinations to improve judicial independence. This kind of institutional design ignored the traditional Chinese way of governance and had the distinct characteristic of materialization of institution. The reformers'lack of national self-consciousness had directly impeded the establishment of judicial authority and the transplantation of law at the functional and spiritual level in modern China.
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