基于数据主权的国家刑事取证管辖模式
梁坤基于数据主权的国家刑事取证管辖模式
Data Sovereignty-based Mode of National Jurisdiction over the Collection of Criminal Evidence
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：梁坤
单位：西南政法大学刑事侦查学院(国家安全学院)
中文关键词：电子数据;数据主权;取证模式;刑事管辖
英文关键词：electronic data;data sovereignty;evidence collection;criminal jurisdiction
中文摘要：
关于电子数据的刑事取证管辖，在国家层面形成了数据存储地模式和数据控制者模式两大方案。传统的数据存储地模式以国家疆域为基础，因其适用困难、取证效率低下而已经有所松动。数据控制者模式则依托跨境云服务提供者，实现了对数据存储地模式的部分取代。刑事数据取证管辖模式的变革，从根本上讲，乃是各国立足于自身国家利益最大化而对数据资源实施掌控所致，而数据特例主义的提出也对适用于有形实物的传统管辖模式构成了冲击。我国应当正视国际上的变革趋势，在数据主权国家战略的基础上，着力探索刑事数据取证管辖模式的中国方案。具体而言，在坚持数据存储地模式的同时，有必要设定例外情形；在把握数据控制者模式之优势的同时，亦需针对他国采取该模式给我国带来的危害予以对等回应；在程序主义数据主权的框架下，加强与其他国家的平等协商与合作，构建适用于电子数据的刑事取证管辖互惠模式。
英文摘要：
With respect to the criminal jurisdiction over the access to data,two basic models have already been developed at the national level,i.e.,the data location mode and the data controller mode.The data location mode,which is constructed on the basis of the traditional national territory,has been weakened in the field of cross-border access to data as a result of the difficulties and low efficiency in its application.In contrast,the data controller mode relies on cross-border cloud service providers,thus partially replacing the data location mode.Fundamentally speaking,the change of the mode of jurisdiction over criminal evidence collection at the international level is caused by the attempt by various states to control the domestic as well as overseas data resources for the maximization of their own national interests.Meanwhile,it should be noted that the theory of data exceptionalism has also made an important impact on the traditional mode of jurisdiction over evidence collection that applies to tangible objects.China should face up to this international trend and strive to explore the Chinese mode of jurisdiction over criminal evidence collection on the basis of national data sovereignty strategy.More specifically,firstly,we should adhere to the data location model,while at the same time making some exceptions to this mode;secondly,we should make reciprocal responses to the harms to our own interest caused by the adoption of the data controller mode by other countries while sharing the bonus of this mode to a certain extent;and thirdly,we should strengthen the equal consultation and collaboration with other countries under the conceptual framework of "procedural data sovereignty",so as to construct a reciprocal mode of jurisdiction over criminal evidence collection applicable to data.
全文阅读： 点击下载
