公证证明效力研究
张卫平公证证明效力研究
Probative Effect of Notarial Certification
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：张卫平
单位：清华大学法学院
中文关键词：公证;证明效力;证据属性;公证文书
英文关键词：notarization;probative effect;evidential property;notarial document
中文摘要：
公证证明具有约束法院认定案件事实的效力，法院对公证证明事实的实质审查判断的自由裁量权受到限制或排除，对提出公证证明的当事人而言则具有免证的法律效果。公证证明在证据证明力方面具有优越性。公证证明的效力源于法律上的推定。公证对案件事实的证明存在复式证明和单式证明两种形式，无论哪种形式，公证文书都是一种证据，在证据属性上属于书证，且是公文书、报告性文书。应在民事诉讼法中明确将当事人要求确认公证文书真伪的诉讼作为确认之诉加以规定。除涉及公证文书本身的真实性和合法性、公证证明事项在内容上具有很强主观性以及其他难以通过公证确认其真实性和合法性的证据以外，其他经公证证明的事项无须质证。
英文摘要：
The notarial certification has legal effect both on the court and the parties. The facts in the case under notarial certification have binding forces to the court, which means the court should make decisions on the basis of these facts. At the same time, the party who has provided the notarial certification can be released from the burden of proof. The probative force of the notarial certification is higher than other evidences, because the legal effect of the notarial certification arises from legal presumption. Such presumption is based on following reasons. The notarial office exercises the state notarial functions, and the Notarization Law ensures the authenticity and impartiality of the notarial certification by means of substantive and procedural rules. There are two modes of proof that the notarization can prove the facts of the case, i.e., multi-mode of proof and single-mode of proof. However, the notarial documents in both modes are all one kind of evidence. The evidential property of notarial document is documentary evidence. Actually, it’s a kind of public document and reportorial documentary evidence.The authenticity of the notarial document directly brings the problem whether the civil rights and obligations exist, thus the Civil Procedure Law ought to prescribe that the parties can use civil action to settle the dispute over its authenticity. The matters proved by the notarial certification are immune to cross-examination, except for the authenticity and legality of the notarial document itself, the matters with strong subjectivity, and other matters which is hard to be certificated authentic or legal by the notarization. And last, there are two possible ways to remedy the illegal notarization, i.e., to build up an extraordinary proceeding in the civil procedure law, or to build up a non-judicial proceeding organized and exercised by the Notary Association.
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