土地规划管理改革：权利调整与法治构建
党国英,吴文媛土地规划管理改革：权利调整与法治构建
Reforming the Land Planning and Management System in China
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：党国英,吴文媛
单位：中国社会科学院;雅克兰德设计有限公司
中文关键词：所有权;土地利用规划;消极规划;土地规划管理改革
英文关键词：ownership;planning of land utilization;passive planning;reform of the land planning and management system
中文摘要：
我国土地规划管理从理念到体制运行，均存在重大缺陷。规划制定缺失以人为本的理念，支撑规划管理的土地所有权制度过于意识形态化，规划管理权限过于集中，规划的技术性规范过于机械刻板等问题突出，致使我国土地资源浪费严重，国民居住品质差，城乡景观千篇一律、僵化呆板。今后要调整土地规划理念，树立以人为本的新的土地规划理念，探索“消极规划”技术模式，并通过深化土地规划管理体制改革以及其他配套改革，解决上述问题，促进我国土地利用规划管理的民主化、法治化和科学化。
英文摘要：
There are major conceptual and operational defects in China's current land planning and management system. These defects include: a) lack of human-oriented design; b) overly abstract land-ownership ideologies with insufficient application strategy; c) overly centralized authority in land planning and management; and d) rigid technical specifications that do not apply well to practical situations. Consequences of these defects include severe waste of land resources, poor living quality of residents, and homogeneity in urban and rural landscape designs throughout the country. China needs to systematically adjust its land planning and management policies, including to balance public authority and private rights and to define and differentiate their scopes; to give individuals enough freedom to exercise their private rights while ensuring fairness and upholding public and interests, so as to let the market plays the decisive role in the utilization of land resources; to adopt a more human-oriented philosophy in urban and rural planning and to give equal prominence to social welfare and economical and development-intensive designs; to increase the proportion of land utilized for the construction of residence for the general public; to improve the efficiency of land management by decentralizing corresponding bureaucratic systems; to accelerate the construction and implementation of a well-rounded legal system of land planning and management; to update technical specifications to encourage human-oriented planning designs and optimize land utilization; to adopt scientific policies supported by up-to-date research and experiment; to prevent monopolies in the certification processes; and to improve the designers' accountability mechanism.
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