债权让与的优先顺序与公示制度

债权让与的优先顺序与公示制度

The Priority and Publication of the Assignment of Claims

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：李宇
    单位：中国科学院法学研究所
    中文关键词：债权让与;债权质押;应收账款质押;保理;资产证券化
    英文关键词：assignment of claim;pledge of claim;pledge of receivables;factoring;asset securitization
    中文摘要：
    债权让与的优先顺序，即债权让与对抗债务人以外第三人的效力问题，系债法上分歧最大的问题之一，事关保理、资产证券化等现代债权融资交易发展，且为拓宽中小企业、农户等弱势当事人融资渠道的关键因素之一，具有深层次社会经济意义。运用“制度内情境分析法”，依次考察让与主义、通知主义、登记主义三种主要制度对各方当事人及第三人的影响，可发现登记主义更为公平、更有效率。各国的历史与经验证据支持此结论。中国合同法对此未作规定，存在不足。物权法新创应收账款质押登记制度，越来越多的债权转让亦可能在该系统登记。未来有必要对债权完全让与及担保性让与采统一登记制度。债权让与登记制，表明公示原则为适用于一切财产权转让的基本原则，性质为财产法总则上的原则。
    英文摘要：
    The priority of the assignment of claims, as one of the most controversial issues in the law of obligation, is of great importance to modern receivables financing such as factoring and asset securitization, and serves as a key factor for broadening the financing channel of middle and small firms, farmers and other disadvantaged parties. Based upon the analysis of the influence of the three major doctrines-doctrine of assignment, doctrine of notification, and doctrine of filing-on parties, it seems that the doctrine of filing is the most fair and efficient one. This conclusion is supported by historical and empirical evidences. The Contract Law does not provide any priority rule, but the Real Right Law provides for the filing of pledge on receivables. That filing system has been effective and has been used in even outright assignment situations. The next step should be to unify the filing system of outright assignment and assignment as security. The establishment of the filing system of claim assignment will indicate that the Principle of Publicity, as a general principle of property law
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