路检盘查的实施依据与程序监督
邓子滨路检盘查的实施依据与程序监督
Legal Basis of and Procedural Supervision over Stop and Check
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：邓子滨
单位：中国社会科学院法学研究所
中文关键词：路检盘查;身份查验;交通纠违;禁品搜剿;人民警察法
英文关键词：stop-and-check;identity check;check for traffic violations;check for prohibited articles;People's Police Law
中文摘要：
路检盘查是落实警察职责的手段之一，其对象是行人和车辆，大致可分为身份查验、交通纠违和禁品搜剿三个类型。它既有预防危险的行政性质，又具事后追究的司法属性。路检盘查随时可以衍生搜查、检查、扣押、留置乃至拘留。路检盘查的实施依据应遵循法保留原则，实施手段应受制于比例原则。在警务实践中，路检盘查启动频繁、手段多样，而法律授权基础却空乏破碎，需要借鉴域外经验，从实体和程序两方面进行规制与监督，也就是解决“为何查、查什么、如何查”的问题。路检盘查的实施根据是“有嫌疑”，而程序监督的核心内容就是如何检验是否真“有嫌疑”。
英文摘要：
Stop-and-check (including questioning) is one of the means by which the police perform their duties. It is targeted at passersby and vehicles on the road and can be basically divided into three types:identity check, check for traffic violations, and check for prohibited articles. As such, it has both the administrative attribute of prevention of danger and the judicial attribute of investigation after the event. Stop-and-check may easily lead to search, examination, seizure, retention, even detention. Stop-and-check should take the principle of law reservation as its basis, be subject to the principle of proportionality, and conducted in a prudent and restraint manner in accordance with law. In the policing practice, stop-and-check are initiated frequently and carried out in many different ways, but its basis of legal authorization is vague, general and fragmented. China should adopt the attitude of filling in the gaps and making up for deficiencies towards the practice of stop-and-check, draw on foreign experiences, and regulate and supervise the practice at both the substantive and the procedural levels, namely give a satisfactory answer to the questions of "why carry out the check", "what to check" and "how to check". Generally speaking, stop-and-check should take "suspicion" as its substantive ground and procedural supervision over stop-and-check should take the determination of whether there is a genuine "suspicion" as it core content.
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