作品名称的多重功能与多元保护——兼评反不正当竞争法第6条第3项
彭学龙作品名称的多重功能与多元保护——兼评反不正当竞争法第6条第3项
Multiple Functions and Multiple Protections of Titles of Works
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：彭学龙
单位：中南财经政法大学知识产权研究中心
中文关键词：作品名称;标题权;商标权;商品化权;反不正当竞争法
英文关键词：titles of works;title right;trademark right;merchandising right;Anti-Unfair Competition Law
中文摘要：
作为文化创意领域重要的商业标志，作品名称发挥着微妙的标识作用，牵涉多重复杂的权利关系。申言之，如能发挥标示和区分特定作品的功能，作品名称宜受标题权保护；尚若实际起到标识作品出处的作用，作品名称又可纳入商标保护范围。而对于名作名篇，作品名称还具备宣传促销功能，其商品化权亦当受到法律调整。在反不正当竞争法修订之前，中国法律只能比照“知名商品特有名称”给予知名作品名称极为有限的保护，较之欧美法律尚存不小差距。这就决定了，一方面，在中国本土，作品名称难以得到有效保护；另一方面，在海外市场，中国企业维权和规避法律风险的能力又会明显不足。反不正当竞争法的修订在我国引入作品名称保护制度方面进行了有益探索。虽然其第6条第3项最终只明确提及“域名主体部分、网站名称、网页”，但其列举式立法模式和第4项兜底条款，为给予曾出现在修订草案中的“频道、节目、栏目的名称及标识”和图书、报刊、电影、软件、游戏名称和标识的适当保护预留了合理空间。就短期而言，可在后续司法实践的基础上进一步修订第6条第3项，建立更具针对性的作品名称保护制度；从长远考虑，则应同时修订反不正当竞争法和商标法，将作品名称纳入商标法的调整范围，正式确立标题权。
英文摘要：
As a special business sign in the culture market, the title of a work plays an extremely subtle role of identification, which involves multiple legal relations. In terms of the basic function of identifying and distinguishing a particular work, the title of a work shall be protected by sui generis title right. If the title actually identifies the origin of the work, it may be protected as a trademark. As to cultural masterpieces, the titles also function as a channel of advertisement and promotion, of which merchandising right should be regulated by law. Although titles of works could be subject matter of multiple rights, they only enjoy very limited protection as "specific names of famous products" before the newly promulgated revision of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law in China. As a result, titles of works are not effectively protected domestically and Chinese enterprises lack the ability to enforce their rights and prevent risks when competing with their counterparts in overseas markets. In the revision of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, China has made some beneficial explorations in introducing the legal framework of title protection. Although Article 6 (3) of the Law only explicitly mentions "main part of domain names, web names and web pages", the enumerative approach of legislation and its catch-all Article 6 (4) opens a possibility to provide the above-mentioned protection to titles of newspapers and magazine, films, software and video games, etc. In the short term, amendment to Article 6 (3) could be made on the basis of its judicial application so as to set up a more targeted sui generis regime of title protection. In the long run, it is necessary to revise both Anti-Unfair Competition Law and Trademark Law to enable the Trademark Law to cover title protection and officially establish sui generis title right.
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