受贿犯罪的保护法益：公职的不可谋私利性

受贿犯罪的保护法益：公职的不可谋私利性

Protected Legal Interests of Bribery Crimes

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：劳东燕
    单位：清华大学法学院
    中文关键词：受贿犯罪；保护法益；公职的不可谋私利性
    英文关键词：bribery crimes, protected legal interest, nonselfprofitability of public office
    中文摘要：
    基于融贯性的要求，界定受贿犯罪的保护法益，应当结合权力的支配类型与职权特性的演变，放在现代公法体系的框架下来进行。在家产制国家，职权具有人身性与财产性，职位作为私人财产而存在，受贿犯罪的不法本质在于官吏背叛了对支配者的人身忠诚关系。在现代国家，职权表现出去人身化与非财产性的特点，职位具有公共性，受贿犯罪的不法本质演变为违反不得利用公共职位谋取私利的义务，把公共职位当作私有财产来对待。基于此，受贿犯罪的法益应当是公职的不可谋私利性，其在不法构造上不以形成交易关系为必要。公职不可谋私利说与作为通说的廉洁性说有相同之处，但也存在实质区别。公职不可谋私利说可以合理解决受贿犯罪的刑法解释所面临的诸多问题，也符合刑事政策上的合目的性要求，能够妥当地将缺乏事先约定的事后受财与感情投资型受财纳入处罚范围。
    英文摘要：
    In view of the requirement of coherence of the legal system, the protected legal interests of bribery crimes should be defined within the framework of modern public law and in light of the types of power dominance and the evolution of the authorities of public offices. In traditional patrimonial states, the authorities of public offices are characteristized by personalization and propertilization. Public offices exist as a kind of private property, and the unlawfulness of bribery crimes lies in an official’s betrayal of personal loyalty to his power dominator. In contrast, the authorities of public offices in modern states are characterized by depersonalization and depropertilization, and the public nature of governmental offices derives from the dichotomy between the “public sphere” and the “private sphere”. Correspondingly, the unlawfulness of bribery crimes lies in the violation of the doctrine of nonselfprofitability of public office and treatment of public office as private property. Therefore, the protected legal interest of bribery crimes should be nonselfprofitability of public office, and the formation of transaction relationship is not an indispensable constitutive element of bribery crimes. The doctrine of nonselfprofitability of public office shares some features with that of the integrity of public office, which is the current mainstream doctrine in China. This doctrine meets the logic requirements of criminal dogmatics and is able to reasonably solve the many problems faced by the criminal law interpretation of bribery crimes. It also meets the teleological requirements of criminal policy and is able to bring into the scope of punishment such acts as accepting bribery after the performance of duty without prior agreement and receiving bribes given as investment in human relations.
    全文阅读：  点击下载