中国现行宪法中的“党的领导”规范

中国现行宪法中的“党的领导”规范

Normative System of “the Leadership of the CPC” in the Current Chinese Constitution

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：秦前红刘怡达
    单位：武汉大学法学院
    中文关键词：宪法序言；宪法修改；党的领导；宪法规范
    英文关键词：preamble of constitution, amending the constitution, leadership of the CPC, constitutional norms
    中文摘要：
    2018年宪法修正案将“中国共产党领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征”写入宪法总纲，在弥合宪法规范与宪制实践之分野的基础上，进一步确认了中国共产党作为中国特色社会主义事业领导核心的地位。至此，现行宪法序言和宪法条文中的诸多“党的领导”规范，共同构成了我国宪法中的“党的领导”规范体系。理性认识现行宪法中的“党的领导”规范体系，需将其置于宪法变迁的历史中加以考察。“八二宪法”中的“党的领导”规范是对“五四宪法”的继承与发展。2018年的宪法修改，进一步巩固和加强了党的全面领导的政法逻辑，在宪制功能、立宪技术等多方面，同“七五宪法”和“七八宪法”有着重要区别。宪法学应当积极展开学理构建，针对宪法文本中相对完备的“党的领导”规范体系，构建相对系统的政党宪法学理论。
    英文摘要：
    Article 36 of the 2018 Amendment to the Chinese Constitution adds the provision “the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most essential attribute of socialism with Chinese characteristics” to the General Principles of the Chinese Constitution, thus bridging the gap between constitutional norms and constitutional practices, and further confirming the Communist Party of China’s role as the core of leadership of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The normative system of “the leadership of the Communist Party of China” in the Chinese Constitution consists of many norms in the Preamble and relevant provisions of the current Constitution. This normative system is a historical product formed through accumulation in the process of constitutional transformation. The norms of “the leadership of the Communist Party of China” in the 1982 Constitution were the inheritance and development of those in the 1954 Constitution. Although the 2018 Amendment to the Chinese Constitution further consolidates and strengthens the politicallegal logic of overall leadership of the Communist Party of China, it is quite different from the 1975 Constitution and the 1978 Constitution in the aspects of constitutional functions and legislative techniques. The normative system of “the leadership of the Communist Party of China” in the current Constitution provides new issues for constitutional law study. Researchers of Chinese constitutional law should actively construct a constitutional theory of political parties on the basis of the relatively complete normative system of “the leadership of the Communist Party of China” in the Chinese Constitution.
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