客观归责的体系性地位
陈兴良客观归责的体系性地位
Systematic Position of Objective Imputation
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：陈兴良
单位：北京大学法学院
中文关键词：客观归责;因果关系;构成要件
英文关键词：criminal law;objective imputation;causation;constitutive requirements
中文摘要：
客观归责是在条件说所确立的因果关系范围内，对构成要件的实质判断。客观归责引入构成要件，使构成要件分为事实与价值两个层面：在事实层面以归因为中心进行构成要件的形式判断，即是否属于构成要件的行为→是否属于构成要件的结果→行为与结果之间是否存在因果关系。在此基础上，再进行价值层面的判断，即是否制造不被容许的风险，以检验构成要件的行为→是否实现不被容许的风险，以检验构成要件的结果→是否属于构成要件的效力范围，以检验整体的构成要件。只有废弃四要件的犯罪构成体系，引入三阶层的犯罪论体系，客观归责在我国刑法学中才有立足之地。
英文摘要：
The position of objective imputation is concerned with the nature of constitutive requirements. This article discusses this problem in the context of the substantialization of constitutive requirements. Objective imputation and causation are two totally different concepts. Causation is committed to the issue of attribution, while objective imputation is concerned with blamefulness. Thus objective imputation is parallel to causation and should be coped with by substantially examining the constitutive requirements after solving the issue of causation.Moreover, the thinking methods of causation and objective imputation are different. The issue of causation only focuses on the relationship between act and consequence, so before determining whether causation exists or not, we should first examine whether the act and the consequence exist or not. This kind of sepration can not examine the constitutive requirements substantially in some instances. In this aspect, objective imputation carries out a substantializing exanimation of act and consequence, thus goes beyond the bounds of causation and comes into the scope of blamefulness.There is no hierarchy in the “Four Elements” theory in Chinese criminal law. Although the “Four Elements” theory contains a substantial examination criterion, i.e., the theory of harmfulness to society, this criterion has not been included into the analytic scheme of crime as a constitutive element, and is kept away from even overtops the analytic scheme of crime. There exist three theoretical obstacles to introduce objective imputation into Chinese criminal law under contemporary circumstances, that is, the insurmountable contradiction between objective imputation and harmfulness to society, the insuperable conflict between objective imputation and causation, and the unavoidable inconsistency between objective imputation and the “Four Elements” theory. Only by abandoning the “Four Elements” theory and introducing the “Tripartite Scheme” theory as the analytic scheme of crime can objective imputation theory survive in Chinese criminal law.
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