已公开个人信息的刑法保护
王华伟已公开个人信息的刑法保护
CriminalLawProtectionofPubliclyDisclosedPersonalInformation
期刊名称:《法学研究》
期刊年份:
作者:王华伟
单位:
中文关键词:已公开个人信息;二次授权;合目的性;一般可访问;客观开放程度
英文关键词:publiclydisclosedpersonalinformation;secondauthorization;conformitytopurpose;generallyaccessible;degreeofobjectiveopenness
中文摘要:
合理划定处理已公开个人信息行为的刑事责任边界,意义重大。二次授权分析方案没有准确理解司法解释的规定,导致处罚范围过宽,且难以说明为何区别对待初次获取行为和再次提供行为。合目的性考察路径虽然逻辑更加周延,但是个人信息公开的合目的性在实践中很难把握和判断;而且,在信息已经客观公开的场合,仍然对信息处理者科以合目的性要求和义务,可能会压缩信息自由的空间。一般可访问性标准在个人信息保护和信息自由保障之间取得了平衡,是相对客观明确且易于认定的标准。在个人信息权的法益论立场下,应在对已公开个人信息进行类型化分析的基础上,以信息的客观开放程度为标准,统一认定信息处理行为的刑事责任。在对处理已公开个人信息行为的合法性审查中,不应仅关注下游信息处理行为,更应反思上游信息公开标准的合理性。
英文摘要:
Itisofgreatsignificancetoreasonablydeterminetheboundaryofcriminalliabilityfortheprocessingofpubliclydisclosedpersonalinformation.Thetheoryofsecondauthorizationfailstoaccuratelyunderstandtheprovisionofjudicialinterpretation,resultinginatoobroadrangeofpenalty.Italsocouldnotexplainwhyandhowtheinitialobtainingandthere-offeringofpubliclydisclosedpersonalinformationshouldbetreateddifferently.Althoughthetheoryofconformitytopurposeseemsmorelogical,itisdifficulttojudgeandgrasptheconformitytopurposeofdisclosureofpersonalinformationinpractice.Insituationswheretheinformationhasalreadybeenobjectivelydisclosed,imposingrequirementandobligationofconformitytopurposeontheprocessoroftheinformationwillcompressthespaceforinformationfreedom.ThestandardofgeneralaccessibilityadoptedbytheGermanFederalDataProtectionActbalancestheprotectionofpersonalinformationwiththeguaranteeofinformationfreedom.Thisstandardisrelativelyobjective,clearandeasytobeidentified.Inthepositionofprotectingtherighttopersonalinformationandbasedonthecategorizedanalysisofpubliclydisclosedpersonalinformation,thedegreeofobjectiveopennessofinformationshouldbeadoptedasthecriteriatouniformlydeterminethecriminalliabilityforinformationprocessing.Whenexaminingthelegalityoftheprocessingofpubliclydisclosedpersonalinformation,weshouldnotonlyfocusonthebehaviorofdownstreaminformationprocessing,butalsoreflectontherationalityofthecriteriaontheupstreamdisclosureofinformation.
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