从数据生产到数据流通:数据财产权益的双层配置方案
宁园从数据生产到数据流通:数据财产权益的双层配置方案
From Data Productionto Data Circulation: A Double-layer Allocation Schemefor Data Property Rights
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：宁园
单位：
中文关键词：数据生产;数据流通;数据控制权;数据利用权;“数据二十条”
英文关键词：data production; data circulation; right to control data; right to use data; “Twenty Articles on Data”
中文摘要：
数据财产权益的配置应以数据的“生产—流通”为分析框架，分别进行数据生产环节的数据控制权配置和数据流通环节的数据利用权配置，以统筹数据流通与利用中的秩序目标和效率目标。数据生产环节，数据控制权配置应以数据生产为依据，承认数据生产者对其生产的数据享有一般数据控制权。应明确数据生产的内涵，界分数据生产环节与其他投入性生产要素的生产环节，界分数据生产与数字劳动，避免数据控制权主体的泛化。数据流通环节，数据利用权配置可依意定和法定两种模式展开。数据利用权的意定配置包括数据控制者授权他人使用数据和公开数据两种形式。数据利用权的法定配置包括为保护特定利益所必需和为促进数据流通所必需两种典型情形。
英文摘要：
A double-layer allocation scheme, consisting of the allocation of the right to control data at the data production layer and the allocation of the right to use data at the data circulation layer, should be constructed to promote the orderly and efficient flow of data. At the data production layer, the allocation of the right to control data should be based on data production, recognizing that data producers have a general right to data control over the data they produce. The meaning of data production should be clarified and data production should be distinguished from the production of other input factors or digital labor. At the data circulation layer, the right to use data should be allocated according to either the voluntary model or the statutory model. The voluntary allocation of the right to use data can be achieved by authorizing others to use the data or by exposing the data. The statutory allocation of the right to use data includes two model situations when it is necessary to protect specific interests and when it is necessary to facilitate the flow of data.
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