近代中国统一法律适用的实践
聂鑫近代中国统一法律适用的实践
The Practice of Unifying the Application of Law in the Modern Chinese History
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：聂鑫
单位：
中文关键词：最高审判机关;司法统一;终审权;判例要旨;解释例
英文关键词：the highest adjudicative organ; judicial unity; power of final adjudication; abbreviature of precedent; judicial interpretation
中文摘要：
统一法律适用(解释)是近代中国司法改革的重要目标。清末的法院编制法即明文赋予最高审判机关以统一解释法令权，从北洋政府大理院时期到南京国民政府最高法院、司法院时期，最高审判机关判决例与解释例的制作规则日趋完善，“司法造法”的编辑体例也逐渐定型。面对政治分立与积案如山的挑战，最高审判机关仍普遍地行使终审权，这是实现统一法律适用的基础。判例要旨及其汇编呈现出明显“法条化”的特色，这不仅适应了当时司法的现状，也与“律例并行”的传统相暗合。民国时期的解释例也是“广义的判例”，司法解释呈现出“裁判化”的特色。近代中国的制度建设与司法实践，对于当代中国的统一法律适用亦有一定的参考价值。
英文摘要：
Unifying the application (or interpretation) of law was an important goal of judicial reform in modern Chinese history. The Court Organization Law in the late Qing Dynasty explicitly granted the highest adjudicative organ the power to uniformly interpret laws and regulations. From the Da Li Yuan of Beiyang government to the Supreme Court and Si Fa Yuan of Nanjing National Government, the rules for making judgments and legal interpretations by the highest adjudicative organ was increasingly robust, and the mode of "judicial law-making" had been gradually formed. In the face of political division and a huge backlog of cases, the highest adjudicative organ still exercised its power of final adjudication generally, which was the basis for achieving the unification of law application. The abbreviature of precedents and their compilations exhibited an obvious feature of "statutorization", which not only adapted to the judical situations at that time, but also was in line with the traditional approach of "parallelism of statutes and precedents". Judicial interpretations in the Republic of China were also regarded as "precedents" in a broad sense, presenting a feature of "adjudicatization". The institutional development and judicial practice in modern Chinese history are also of some reference value for achieving a unified application of law in contemporary China.
全文阅读： 点击下载
