权利概念的历史

权利概念的历史

The History of the Conception of Right

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：方新军
    单位：苏州大学法学院
    中文关键词：法;权利;客观法;主观法;个人主义
    英文关键词：law;right;objective law;subjective law;individualism
    中文摘要：
    权利的概念是人类社会发展到特定历史阶段的产物，它的出现与个人主义观念的兴起紧密相关。古希腊和古罗马社会中不存在一般意义上的权利概念。斯多亚哲学和基督教理论中所蕴含的个人主义观念还不足以导致权利概念的出现。十二世纪出现了世俗个人主义和权利概念的萌芽。十四世纪出现了对拉丁文ius的主观意义和客观意义的双重理解。四个世纪之后，康德的哲学理论为上述理解提供了完美的说明。当世俗个人主义和自由意志主义成为权利概念的理论基础的时候，也就是现代权利概念诞生的时候。
    英文摘要：
    The concept of Right is the product of human society developing to particular historical stage. Its appearance has much bearing on the growing of the notion of individualism. There was no general concept of Right in the societies of Antique Greece and Antique Rome. Also, the notion of individualism contained in the Stoa philosophy and Christian theory was not enough to cause the appearance o# the concept of Right. Till 12th century, the secular individualism and the concept of Right sprouted. And 14th century saw the dual understanding of Latin word "ius" in the subjective and objective meaning，which was explained perfectly by Kant's philosophy theory four centuries later. When the secular individualism and the doctrine of freedom of will had become the theoretical base of the concept of Right，modern conception of Right came into being consequently.
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