“犯罪记录”和“前科”混淆性认识的批判性思考

于志刚

“犯罪记录”和“前科”混淆性认识的批判性思考

Critical Thinking on the Confusion of Criminal Record and Previous Conviction


    期刊名称:《法学研究》
    期刊年份:
    作者:于志刚
    单位:中国政法大学
    中文关键词:犯罪记录;前科;前科消灭;规范性评价;非规范性评价
    英文关键词:criminal record;previous conviction;normalized evaluation;non-normalized evaluation
    中文摘要:
    刑法学界对于“前科”和“犯罪记录”有着普遍的混淆性认识,导致相关研究存在严重的方向性偏差,研究视角的多重错位更是导致了研究结论的非科学性。科学界分“前科”与“犯罪记录”是前科消灭制度研究的理论前提。“犯罪记录”是对犯罪事实及其刑事判决的纯粹客观记载,“前科”则是对犯罪记录的一种规范性评价,“犯罪记录”和“前科”之间是评价对象与评价结论的关系。真正影响犯罪人回归社会的,不是“前科”和“犯罪记录”,而是社会公众自发的非规范性评价,“标签效应”等均是此种非规范性评价的结果。
    英文摘要:
    The existing confusion on the understanding of the concepts of previous conviction and criminal record among experts from criminal theory, criminology and criminal procedure areas leads to seriously directional deviation in relevant research. They take the two different terms as the same concept or as an alternate one, and further confuse the normalized evaluation and the non-normalized one of criminal record and their legal consequences.Since the research of the above experts on the system of previous conviction abolition, based on such theoretical error, deviates from the right path at the starting point, their conclusion can not but be wrong. It can be said that such misunderstanding has already misguided the institutional design and theoretical research on the previous conviction abolition system. Thus the original research intention has been departed from, and the purpose of facilitating the criminal back to the society could not be really realized.According to this article, the relationship between criminal record and previous conviction is just as the relationship between premise and result, that is, previous conviction is the evaluative result of criminal record. Criminal record is the objective record of the criminal fact and its judgment, and such record is not allowed to be and can not be abolished. Previous conviction is the normalized evaluation of the existing criminal record.Criminal record does not contribute to the “Label Effect” or the second offense of the criminal. The voluntary non-normalized evaluation of the social public is the real reason which prevents the criminal from back to the society. The purpose of the normalized evaluation from State authority is to set up a preventive mechanism. The non-normalized evaluation of the social public, based on hostility and precautious consciousness, may only be a man-made block in its objective effect to prevent the criminal from back to the society, and may facilitate the second offense indirectly.The misunderstanding of the relationship between criminal record and non-normalized evaluation has already led to obvious deviation in research. And the institutional design and legislation improvement suggestions based on such misunderstanding are also improper.
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