传统的延续：习惯在现代中国法制中的地位和作用

传统的延续：习惯在现代中国法制中的地位和作用

Status and Function of Custom in Contemporary Chinese Legal System

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：刘作翔
    单位：中国社会科学院法学研究所研究员
    中文关键词：多元调整性文化;习惯;法律;政策
    英文关键词：multilateral adjustment culture;custom;law;policy
    中文摘要：
    在多元调整性文化中，习惯是一种很重要的规范类型。在法律出现空缺的情况下，习惯就成为补充法律漏洞的重要规范依据。这并不意味着习惯就变成了法律。在没有被法律吸收之前，习惯仍然是习惯。法律赋予习惯以法律地位，使得习惯成为在没有法律的前提下，人们的一种行为规范依据和法官的裁决依据。这对包括中国在内以制定法为主要规范依据和来源的国家，具有重要的法治意义。
    英文摘要：
    Custom is one of the very important norm types in multilateral adjustment culture. In default of law, custom is used to be an important supplement for legal loopholes. But it does not mean that custom has become the law. It is still the custom before being absorbed into law. After being admitted, custom will obtain a legal status, which is important because custom therefore becomes behavior rule and basis of adjudication in default of law. Thus custom has acquired a legitimate status in legal structure, which is of legal significance to statute law countries such as Switzerland, Japan and China. Differing from case law countries based on the development of customary law, a legitimate basis is very important both to people’s behaviors and judges’ adjudications in statute law countries.The breakthrough made by sporadic legislations, judicial interpretations and practices of grassroots courts has provided foundations to establish the due status of custom in our contemporary legal system, but there still exist some problems. To solve these problems radically and make custom play more important role in Chinese future legal course, the way-out still lies in legislation. The provision of Article 1 of Swiss Civil Code on custom has become the example of world’s civil law, which can be used for reference by China’s future civil code. To begin with, we can make a breakthrough in civil law level by stipulating custom’s legal status in civil legislation definitely. Then a model of three-rank norm system including law, policy and custom takes form. Each lower norm can be applied only on the premise of the lack of upper norm.
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