行政行为撤销要件的修订

行政行为撤销要件的修订

Amendment of the Requirements for Annulling a Specific Administrative Act

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：杨登峰
    单位：南京师范大学法学院
    中文关键词：行政诉讼法;行政行为撤销;行政行为违法形态
    英文关键词：administrative procedure law;annulling a specific administrative act;lawbreaking mode of an administrative act
    中文摘要：
    行政诉讼法采用封闭性正面列举的立法模式，仅规定违反法定程序、适用法律错误、超越职权等五种情形为行政行为撤销的要件，致使有些违法形态难以归入其中，给司法实践和后续立法造成了困难。行政行为的撤销要件是对司法审查的指引而非制约，其构成应建立在对法律规范的分类基础上，并采用开放的立法结构。建议将来修订行政诉讼法或制定行政程序法时，增列“没有法律依据的”、“决定内容违反法律规定的”和“其他侵害公民、法人或其他组织合法权益的”三种情形为撤销的要件，以解决实践中的解释困惑，并增强这一制度的社会适应力。
    英文摘要：
    The Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China (APL) prescribes at article 54 (2) that, a specific administrative act should be annulled or partially annulled by judgment, if the act has been undertaken in one of the following five circumstances: a. inadequacy of essential evidence; b. erroneous application of the law or regulations; c. violation of legal procedure; d. exceeding authority; or e. abuse of powers. This closed legislative model has led to great difficulties to judicial interpretation and later legislation. For example, if an act is made without any legal basis or its content violates a law, which one of the five circumstances should the act be classified into? In fact, the statutory circumstance for annulling of a specific administrative act is just a guide to judicial review, not a control. For this reason, the classification of annulling circumstances should be based on the classification of legal norms, and take an open legislative structure. According to their different functions, administrative legal norms can be roughly classified into evidential norms, procedural norms, substantive norms (including organizational norms and conduct norms), interpretative norms and applicative ones. Violating different kinds of norms means different modes of lawbreaking, which constitutes the basic requirements of annulling a specific administrative act. In future, when amends APL or makes the Administrative Procedure Act of the People's Republic of China (APA), another three circumstances should be added into the circumstances for annulling of a specific administrative act, where the act has no legal basis, the content of the act violates a law, or the act has other circumstances which will infringe the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, corporations or other organizations.
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