损害赔偿的方法
程啸,王丹损害赔偿的方法
Methods of Compensation in Civil Law
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：程啸,王丹
单位：清华大学法学院;德国基尔大学法学院
中文关键词：损害赔偿;恢复原状;金钱赔偿;赔偿损失;价值利益;完整利益
英文关键词：compensation;restitution;monetary compensation;value interests;integrate interests
中文摘要：
恢复原状与金钱赔偿是大陆法系民法中损害赔偿的两种基本方法，二者分别保护受害人的完整利益与价值利益。由于我国现行法将恢复原状中的许多内容独立出来，因此恢复原状不仅被狭隘地理解为对受损物品的修复，而且不被看作是损害赔偿的方法。此外，现行法上赔偿损失的范围过于宽泛，不仅包括了大陆法系的金钱赔偿，还包括了恢复原状的花费。未来我国民法典应取消现行法上对恢复原状各种具体方法的挂一漏万式列举，恢复“恢复原状”应有的涵义。此外，民法典还应当明确地将恢复原状与金钱赔偿规定为损害赔偿的基本方法，严格区分恢复原状请求权、恢复原状花费的请求权以及金钱赔偿请求权。惟其如此，我国民法方能确立真正的损害赔偿方法之平行规范结构，充分贯彻完全赔偿与禁止得利原则，实现损害赔偿法的补偿功能。
英文摘要：
Full compensation and prohibition of profit are the two basic principles in the law of damages. According to these two principles, the law of damages protects not only the value interests of the victims or creditors which can be calculated in the ordinary market price, but also the integrate interests of them which mean the interests on their own specific rights, legal interests, and even real-life purposes. For the purpose of protecting the integrate interests and the value interests, there are two methods of damage compensation, i.e., restitution for the integrate interests and monetary compensation for the value interests. The content of restitution is very rich. Besides repair physical form, restitution includes reworking, replacement, return of property and payment of the cost of restitution. Although both restitution and monetary compensation include the payment of money, they are different in the object and purpose of protection. Because the value interests and the integrate interests are not distinguished in Chinese civil law, restitution has been narrowly understood as the repair of the damaged objects on their physical form. Furthermore, the cost of restitution is incorrectly classified as one type of monetary compensation in Chinese civil law. This results that the principle of full compensation cannot be carried out fully in our country. In the future, Chinese civil code should state that restitution and monetary compensation are both the methods of compensation, and the payment of the cost of restitution and monetary compensation should be strictly distinguished. The victims or creditors should have the right to choose between restitution and monetary compensation according to their own interests and wishes.
全文阅读： 点击下载
