行政处罚上的空白要件及其补充规则
熊樟林行政处罚上的空白要件及其补充规则
The Blankettatbestand of Administrative Sanctions and its Supplementary Rules
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：熊樟林
单位：东南大学法学院宪法学与行政法学
中文关键词：行政处罚;构成要件;空白要件;处罚法定
英文关键词：administrative penalty;Tatbe.stand;Blankettatbe.stand;statutory punishment
中文摘要：
应受行政处罚行为的成立要件包括构成要件的该当性、违法性及有责性三个判定标准，其中构成要件是指法律规范中规定违法行为特征的各种条款。在由自由法治国向社会法治国的转变过程中，经常会出现将违法行为交由其他规范予以描述的空白要件。我国行政处罚法第二章并不能限定空白构成要件的创设，现实中的空白要件设定也欠缺明确性，这在一定程度上是对处罚法定原则的破坏。因此，需要运用诸如“保护行政法益的必要性和等同性规则”、“授权明确性规则”、“第二次禁止规则”等约束机制，对空白要件的创设与补充加以规范。
英文摘要：
An action which should be administratively punished shall meet three requirements: Tatbestandsm igkeit, Rechtswidrgkeit, and Vorwe f barkeit.Tatbe.stand refers to the various provisions in the legal norms and rules that describe the features of illegal actions. In the time of the transformation from Der Recht.s.staat to Soziali.sti.scher Staat, it is usual for a legal norm to leave the Tatbe.stand of an illegal action to the other norms for description, hence the Blankettatbestand. Strictly speaking, Chapter Two of the Law of the People’、Republic of China on administrative Penalty does not restrict the creation of Blankettatbe.stand, and Blankettatbe.stand itself lacks definition in practice, which to some extent violates the principle of statutory punishment. Therefore, the creation of Blankettatbestand needs to be restricted by means of such rules as the necessity and equality to protect administrative rechtsgut, the intelligible principle of delegation, and the prohibition of secondary delegation.
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