孟子人性发展观及其法理意义
王凌皞孟子人性发展观及其法理意义
Mencian Developmental Theory of Human Nature and Its Jurisprudential Implications
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：王凌皞
单位：厦门大学法学院
中文关键词：孟子人性论;自然主义人性发展观;儒家美德法理学
英文关键词：Mencian theory of human nature;naturalistic conception of human nature;Confucian virtue jurisprudence
中文摘要：
每一种法律与政治理论都以对人性的根本看法为起点，孟子的自然主义性善论提供了不同于“理性人”的人性学说。结合认知科学的最新进展，由孟子自然主义人性论道德哲学中可尝试提炼儒家规范美德法理学主张。这种规范美德法理学不同于传统的伦理自然法和自由主义权利法理学，它把公民美德的发展与实践作为法律的核心价值，主张国家应当通过法律为公民个人美德发展与实践提供良好的制度支持。它不但批评了通行的现实主义人性观，更为寻找自由法理学和伦理自然法之外的第三条道路提供了理论启示。
英文摘要：
Fundamental conceptions of human nature are essential for any intelligible legal and political theory. The dominant view of human nature in contemporary context of legal and political theory adopts a realistic position, which takes human beings as basically rational agents (or homo economicus) that always try to advance their own interest. Thus, aside from promoting personal liberty, legal and political institution should also aim at controlling the dark side of egoist human nature and facilitate the minimum level of social cooperation. The ancient Confucian philosopher Mencius, however, held a naturalistic conception of human nature that is distinct from the"rational person" view. For him, human nature is the moral capacities or potentialities that people have when they are situated in appropriate natural and social environments. Mencius tries to show that the state should pursue fundamental values other than mere enabling the minimum level of social cooperation. In his view, the legal institution is supposed to provide appropriate natural as well as social environments that could support the development of citizens’ moral capacity and facilitate their exercise of virtues by controlling bad moral luck.By incorporating recent empirical studies of cognitive moral psychology, this essay tries to develop a contemporary Confucian virtue theory of law based on Mencian naturalistic conception of human nature. This version of virtue jurisprudence has a distinctive position and thus differentiates itself from more familiar positions like ethical natural law or liberal right-based theory of law. It claims that the development and practice of citizens’ virtues are one of the central values of law. Legislation should provide institutional supports for the realization of human nature and aim at the cultivation of virtuous citizens. This Mencian virtue jurisprudence could be seen as an endeavor to reconcile the conflict between liberty and virtue.
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