货运代理转委托行为的类型区分及法律效力

货运代理转委托行为的类型区分及法律效力

Different Type of Freight Forwarding Sub-delegation and Its Legal Effect

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：方新军
    单位：苏州大学王健法学院
    中文关键词：货运代理;行纪;复代理;相继货运代理;承运人
    英文关键词：freight forwarding;brokerage;sub-agency;successive freight forwarding;carrier
    中文摘要：
    货运代理合同在我国属于无名合同,相关司法解释认为应该参照适用合同法第400条的规定解决货运代理转委托的法律效力问题.这种解释未能准确地区分代理、委任、行纪、复代理、相继货运代理等概念之间的区别和联系,司法实务中同案不同判现象仍然普遍存在.由于货运代理人既可以货主的名义,也可以自己的名义进行法律行为,在司法实务中应该区分货运代理人进行法律行为的名义,分别参照适用民法通则中有关代理的规定和合同法中有关行纪合同的规定,处理货运代理合同的相关纠纷.在此基础上,货运代理转委托行为可以区分为复代理和相继货运代理两种类型,同时应考虑货运代理人转变为承运人的可能性,以及货运代理行业的惯例对货运代理转委托行为的影响.唯有如此,才能实现解释论上的融贯性.
    英文摘要：
    In China, a freight forwarding contract belongs to the category of innominate contract and, according to relevant judicial interpretations, the issue of legal effect of sub-delegation of freight forwarding should be dealt with in accordance with Article 400 of the Chinese Contract Law. Such interpretations fail to accurately distinguish between the concepts of agency, mandate, brokerage, sub-agency, and successive freight forwarding, thus leading to the phenomenon of like cases being treated differently in judicial practice. In freight forwarding practice, the freight forwarder can carry out juridical act both in his own name and in the name of the principal. These two kinds of juridical act should be treated differently in judicial practice and regulated in accordance with rules on agency in the General Principles of the Civil Law and rules on brokerage in the Contract Law, respectively. On the above basis, the juridical act of freight forwarding should be further divided into two categories, namely freight forwarding with successive freight forwarding and freight forwarding with sub-agency. Also, considerations should be given to the possibility of transformation of status from freight forwarder to carrier, and the influence of commercial usage of the freight forwarding industry on the act of sub-delegation under freight forwarding. Only in this way can like cases of freight forwarding be treated alike at the level of legal interpretation.
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