自然资源国家所有权公权说再论
巩固自然资源国家所有权公权说再论
A Revisit to State Ownership of Natural Resources as a Kind of Public Power
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：巩固
单位：
中文关键词：自然资源;国家所有权;公权;私权;主权
英文关键词：natural resources;state ownership;public power;private right;sovereignty
中文摘要：
从宪法与民法之别、权利与权力之别以及宪法第9条的完整表述来看,资源国家所有权的公权性确定无疑.作为国家对于公共资源的一种“公权性支配”,资源国家所有权的实质是对资源利用的“积极干预”权,内容在于保障自然资源的合理利用,通过立法、行政和司法加以行使,并为这三种权力施加规范与限制.在实践层面,资源国家所有权只有衍生出以资源实际利用者为主体、以对资源物的合理利用为内容的私权性的“资源利用权”,才能真正形成资源利用秩序.日常生活中在民法层面使用的“国家所有权”的本质是“公共法人所有权”,其并非严谨的法律概念,其成立须一系列条件支撑,范围较窄,其与“宪法国家所有权”的区别是划分“国有私物”与“国有公物”的前提.资源国家所有权来源于主权但不等于主权,其为资源主权的积极行使创设权力载体和概念装置,具有重要意义.
英文摘要：
The differences between the constitutional law and the civil law and between right and power, as well as the full expression of Article 9 of the Chinese Constitution all confirm that state ownership of natural resources (SONR) is a kind of public power. As a kind of public power exercised by the state in the disposition of common resources, the SONR is in essence the power to actively intervene in the utilization of resources, the purpose of which is to ensure the rational utilization of natural resources. It is exercised through legislative, administrative and judicial power and through the regulation of and restriction on these three kinds of power. In practice, a real resource utilization order can be formed only if China can develop from SONR various resources utilization rights, which are of the nature of private right and take actual users of resources as their subjects and the reasonable utilization of resources as their content. The nature of state ownership under civil law is the ownership by public legal person, which is not a real legal conception and has a narrow scope and must meet rigid preconditions. The distinction between state ownership under the civil law and that under the constitutional law is the precondition for the distinction between “state-owned private property” and “state-owned public property”. SONR is derived from sovereignty, but is not equal to sovereignty. One of the important functions of SONR is to be the power carrier and conception tool for the effective exercise of the sovereignty over natural resources.
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