承包权与经营权分置的法构造
蔡立东,姜楠承包权与经营权分置的法构造
Separation of the Contractual and Managerial Rights of Land—A Study into Relevant Legal Settings
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：蔡立东,姜楠
单位：
中文关键词：承包权;经营权;权利用益物权;农地流转
英文关键词：contractual rights of land;management rights of land;right-based usufruct;circulation of land rights
中文摘要：
承包权与经营权分置,建立所有权、承包权及经营权“三权分置”的农地权利体系,是中国农地权利制度的既定政策选择。这种新型农地权利体系既能承载“平均地权”的功能负载,又能实现农地的集约高效利用,兼顾了农地的社会保障功能和财产功能,为建立财产型的农地权利制度、发挥农地的融资功能提供了制度基础。我国现行物权法关于用益物权客体范围的界定过于狭窄和僵硬,阻碍了对物的多维利用。依循多层权利客体的法理,经营权乃是土地承包经营权人设定的、以土地承包经营权为标的的权利用益物权,其与土地承包经营权属于不同层次客体上存在的用益物权,可以同时成立而并不冲突。通过认可权利用益物权,承包权与经营权分置的制度设计完全可为用益物权体系所容纳。以设定经营权这一方式行使和实现土地承包经营权,将导致现行农地使用权流转方式类型的结构性整合以及农地融资方式、农地使用权继承的结构性变动。
英文摘要：
It is an established policy imperative of China's rural land rights regime to separate the contractual (tenure) and managerial rights of land, and to establish a tripartite system to effectively distinguish the rights of ownership, tenure, and management in land contracts. This new kind of rural land rights system could not only bear the important function of equalizing land rights, but also achieve highly efficient and intensified rural land usages. By giving due consideration to both the social security and property functions of rural land, it provides a solid institutional foundation for establishing a rural land property rights system and accelerating the financing function of rural land. The scope of the object of usufructary rights in China's current property law is rather narrow and rigid, hindering the multi-dimensional use of concerned objects. According to the principle of multi-leveled objects of rights, the management right of land is a kind of right-based usufruct, set by the person having the contractual (tenure) and management rights of land, taking the contractual (tenure) and management rights of land as relevant objects. Since the management rights and the contractual (tenure) and management rights of land are based on different objects at different levels, they could co-exist without generating any conflict. Upon the recognition of right-based usufructs, the systematic design of separating the contractual (tenure) rights and the management rights could be well accommodated within the usufructuary right system. Furthermore, exercising and realizing the contractual (tenure) and management rights of land through an effective construction of management rights would lead to a structural integration of the current circulating modes of the right to rural land usage provided by laws, as well as structural transformations of rural land financing methods and the inheritance of the right to rural land usage.
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