中国宪法上国家所有的规范含义
程雪阳中国宪法上国家所有的规范含义
Normative Meaning of Stateownership in Chinese Constitution
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：程雪阳
单位：苏州大学王健法学院
中文关键词：自然资源;国家所有;所有权理论;宪法解释
英文关键词：nature resources;state-ownership;the theory of ownership;interpretation of the Constitution
中文摘要：
中国现行宪法中的“国家所有”一词,不仅是经济学上的一种所有制,也是法学上的一种所有权.在法律地位、权能构造和权利外观上,国家所有权在宪法上和民法上并不存在差异.但在功能上,基于宪法第9条第1款关于“国家所有,即全民所有”的规定,国家所有权确实有特殊性,它不能为国家或政府的“私利”存在,而必须“为公民自由和自主发展提供物质和组织保障”.宪法第9条第1款和第10条第1、2款,赋予国家获得特定自然资源所有权的资格.具体的自然资源是否属于国家所有,依赖于法律对宪法上述条款的具体化和立法形成,在法律没有完成这项工作之前,特定自然资源属于没有进入物权法/财产法秩序的社会共有物,不属于国家所有的财产.对于这种共有物,国家可以基于主权以及由主权衍生的行政管理权来设定开发和使用规则,但不能作为所有权人获得相关财产性收益.
英文摘要：
The “state-ownership” in Chinese constitution refers to not just a property institution in the sense of economics, but also the ownership itself in the sense of property law. There is no difference in terms of legal status and structure of right between the state ownership under the constitution and that under civil law. However, as far as its function is concerned, state-ownership is indeed of a special nature in that it must provide the material and organizational guarantees for the freedom and autonomous development of the citizen, rather than work for the benefit of the state or the government, as Article 9 (1) of the Chinese Constitution states that “State-ownership is the ownership by the whole people”. More importantly, Article 9 (1) and Article 10 (1) & (2) give the state the ownership over certain kinds of natural resources. This does not means that all natural resources within the territory of China belong to the state. Whether a kind of nature resource (land, mineral, water, forest, etc.) belongs to the state depends on the specific law to be enacted by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee. Before such a law is enacted, a specific natural resource is just a common property of the society outside the scope of the property law and state ownership. The state, on the basis of its sovereignty, has the power to make rules for its exploitation and use, but does not has the right to enjoy the property incomes from such resource as its owner.
全文阅读： 点击下载
