中国刑事印证理论批判
周洪波中国刑事印证理论批判
A Criticism of the Chinese Criminal Proof Theory of Yinzheng
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：周洪波
单位：西南民族大学法学院
中文关键词：刑事证明方法模式;印证;自由心证
英文关键词：mode of criminal proof method;theory of yinzheng;intime conviction
中文摘要：
近年来有不少学者围绕"印证"来研究我国的刑事证明方法模式,这些研究造成的突出理论印象是:"印证"这一概念工具,在实证上能够较为具体地呈现中国特色刑事证明方法的类型特征;在规范上也能作为事实认定的具体判断标准发挥作用,尽管还应适当借鉴西方的自由心证方法.这导致"印证"一词在刑事司法实务中日益流行,且有泛滥之势.需要注意的是,有关研究存在不少问题,主要是:对印证的理解不合常识且较为驳杂,无法清晰标识我国刑事证明方法的模式特征;对证明方法模式的归因解释难以成立;未能澄清对证明方法的应有规范立场,因而无力促成现实的合理化变革.因此,学界仍需寻找替代性的模式理论来说明我国刑事证明方法所面临的转型问题.
英文摘要：
In recent years, many researches use the label "yinzheng" (mutual corroboration) to study the mode of criminal proof in China. Although the definition they give to yinzheng varies, these researches leave a theoretical impression that yinzheng, as a conception with Chinese characteristics, can not only empirically embody the concrete characters of Chinese mode of criminal proof method descriptively, but also be a criterion for fact-finding prescriptively, though the western method of intime conviction still needs to be properly referred to. However, we must be on high alert for many problems associated with these researches. Firstly, "mutual corroboration" are widely understood as the comprehensive judgment and fact-finding based on various evidences pointing to the same direction, which is contradictory to common sense and causes confusion about the concrete meaning of this term and thus fails to accurately identify the similarities and differences between the Chinese mode of criminal proof and the western mode of intime conviction. Secondly, they fail to grasp the main points by attributing the uniqueness of Chinese mode of criminal proof to non-immediate-verbal trial, de novo fact-finding in appeal and its philosophical stances of dialectical materialism. Some of these attributions have only limited explanatory power while others are not sustainable at all. Thirdly, they advocate the gradual transplantation of the western method of intime conviction on the basis of adhering to yinzheng. However, because of the many misunderstandings about yinzheng and intime conviction, they failed to point out a correct and clear approach to a desirable transformation of the Chinese mode of criminal proof. Therefore, we need to find out an alternative theory for the articulation and interpretation of the mode of criminal proof in China.
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