民法基本原则:理论反思与法典表达

民法基本原则:理论反思与法典表达

Theoretical Reflections on and Codification of Basic Principles of Civil Law

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：于飞
    单位：中国政法大学民商经济法学院
    中文关键词：民法总则;基本原则;一般法律思想;概括条款
    英文关键词：the General Part of Chinese civil code;basic principles;basic legal thinking;general clauses
    中文摘要：
    我国制定民法总则要不要沿袭民法通则体例,将民法基本原则集中规定于法典开篇,这一问题具有重要的立法意义,但却未经真正的讨论。传统民法知识体系中,基本原则指不具裁判功能的"一般法律思想",并不在民法典中规定;其与作为裁判规范的诚实信用、善良风俗等概括条款迥然不同。民法通则"基本原则"章实际上是把"一般法律思想"与"概括条款"混而为一,导致了诸多理论误区与实践弊端。民法通则"基本原则"章的产生,有其特定的社会背景和历史原因。民法总则不应再于法典伊始集中规定基本原则,也不应再将一般法律思想明文化。诚实信用、公序良俗这些概括条款应当各归其位,放在各自的适用领域之中。
    英文摘要：
    Should the General Part of the Chinese Civil Code follow the legislative mode of the current General Principles of the Civil Law and codify the basic principles of the civil law in its opening chapter? This question is of great legislative significance, but has not yet been discussed rigorously. In traditional civil law paradigms, such as the German civil law, basic principles refer to "basic legal thinking" that are not imbued with deciding force and are not codified in the civil code; they function very differently from general clauses applied in the making of judicial decisions, such as "good faith" and "good morals". Dworkin's and Alexy's theories of principles can help us to distinguish more clearly between principles and general clauses. The opening chapter of the General Principles of the Civil Law fails to make this important distinction, thus leading to many mistakes both in theory and in practice. The General Part of the Chinese Civil Code should no longer codify basic principles in it opening chapter, nor should it continue to codify basic legal thinking, and the general clauses such as "good faith" and "public order and good morals" should be moved to the appropriate sections where they can perform their proper functions.
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