缔约过程中说明义务的动态体系论
尚连杰缔约过程中说明义务的动态体系论
Flexible System Approach on Duty to Inform in the Process ofConcluding a Contract
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：尚连杰
单位：南京大学法学院、中德法学研究所
中文关键词：缔约过程;说明义务;动态体系;要素
英文关键词：conclude a contract;duty to inform;flexible system;element
中文摘要：
作为一种方法论,动态体系论适用于民法的诸多领域,缔约过程中的说明义务即为其中之一。通过运用信息需求、信息可能性与职责范围三个要素,德国学者布雷登巴赫建构了用以判断是否成立说明义务的动态体系。而德国学者洛伦茨与弗莱舍对其的理论批判对动态体系要素的修正与完善有所裨益。借鉴既有学理与规范的经验性认识,可使用信息重要性、披露可能性、期待合理性与信赖紧密度四个要素构建新的动态体系。在我国的司法实践中,在判断是否存在说明义务时,动态体系论已经被不自觉地实践。未来可将动态体系的要素法定化,并通过动态体系论的运用,为法解释以及指导性案例提供理论依据。此外,可在信息重要性、披露可能性、期待合理性与信赖紧密度四个要素之下,通过案例群的积累,遴选出若干亚要素,使说明义务的判断标准更具可操作性。为防止动态体系论的滥用,原则上仅当不存在法律规定、当事人约定或者交易习惯时,方可运用动态体系论。
英文摘要：
As a methodology, flexible system approach can be applied to many areas of civil law, to which the duty to inform in the contracting process belongs. Through three elements, which are information need, information possibility and functional scope, German scholar Breidenbach constructs a flexible system to determine whether to set up the duty to inform. Although the theoretical criticisms of German scholar Lorenz and Fleisch need to be further considered, they are beneficial to the amendment and improvement of elements in the flexible system. Learning from empirical understanding of theory and norms, the four elements, namely information importance, disclosure possibility, expect rationality and trust tightness, can be used to reconstruct the flexible system. In China's judicial practice, flexible system approach has been practiced unconsciously. The elements of flexible system can be legalized in the future. It can provide a theoretical basis for the interpretation of law and the guiding cases through the use of flexible system approach. In addition, under the four elements of information importance, disclosure possibility, expect rationality and trust tightness, through the accumulation of cases and selection of sub-elements, it could make judgment criteria of duty to inform more operational. In order to prevent abuse of flexible system approach, in principle, only when there is no agreement, no legal provisions and no trade custom, flexible system approach could be applied to judge whether there is a duty to inform.
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