民法典编纂的宪法学透析

民法典编纂的宪法学透析

An Analysis of the Codification of Civil Law from the Perspective of Constitutional Jurisprudence

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：林来梵
    单位：清华大学法学院
    中文关键词：民法典编纂;民法的宪法化;合宪性解释
    英文关键词：codification of civil law;the constitutionalization of civil law;the criterion of interpretation conforming to constitution
    中文摘要：
    构想中的民法典具有一定的政治性，其有关“根据宪法……，制定本法”的立法依据条款即隐含了一种“政治教义宪法学”式的幽思，并由于中国迄今未能对于宪法和民法的基础性价值原理究竟应当为何作出深入讨论和根本决定，其存在徒具象征意义，更优的替代性或补强性方案是设立合宪性解释基准条款。民法典也被寄寓了发挥宪法性功能的雄心，但该功能只具有限定性的内容，可理解为一种“准宪法性”的社会建构功能，尽管其不应被刻意夸大，但毕竟有助于宪法国家统合功能的实现，并可奠立宪法秩序的基础。在民法典中写入公法性条款可理解为“民法的宪法化”，后者从比较法的角度来看，实际上是宪法与民法之间在规范上对向互化、彼此交融的一种规范现象。
    英文摘要：
    The proposed Chinese Civil Code has a political aspect. The clause announcing its legislative basis-"this law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution"-implies the "constitutional jurisprudence based on political doctrines", which is however merely symbolic due to the fact that the question of what are the fundamental values of both constitutional law and civil law in China still awaits further discussion and a complete solution. A better alternative or supplementary solution might be to establish a clause that provides for the criterion of interpretation?conforming to constitution. The civil code is expected to bear the ambition of performing a constitutional function, which has limited content of "quasi-constitutional" social construction. Although such function should not be exaggerated, it contributes to the realization of the constitutional function of state integration and hence might lay the foundation of constitutional order. From the comparative law perspective, it is not surprising for some public law clauses to be included in the civil code, which is a normative phenomenon indicating the inter-conversion and blending of constitutional law norms and civil law norms and might be interpreted as "the constitutionalization of civil law". Nevertheless, the current legislative schemes in China are embedded with peculiarities and thus could only be accepted within a reasonable range.
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