诉讼标的理论的新范式——“相对化”与我国民事审判实务
陈杭平诉讼标的理论的新范式——“相对化”与我国民事审判实务
A New Paradigm of the Theory of the Subject Matter of Claims
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：陈杭平
单位：清华大学法学院
中文关键词：诉讼标的;诉讼系属;重复起诉;一事不再理
英文关键词：subject matter of claims;lis pendens;relitigation of action;non bis idem
中文摘要：
民诉法学界一直尝试从大陆法系关于诉讼标的的不同学说中择取其一作为基准，统一且固定不变地适用于诉讼程序各领域，并用以解决诉讼法学上的诸多重大问题。但这种“一体化”或“体系性”研究范式不仅未达到学理上的预设目标，更难以回应实务上多义甚至“无序”的概念使用。受域外理论发展、民诉法规范修改及裁判文书网上公开等因素的促动，有必要向“相对化”或“指示性”的新研究范式转换。在此前提下，应当对实务上诉讼标的的使用方法及其在具体程序场景中的含义进行整理与辨析，并围绕相关民诉法规范条文展开解释论作业，建构一种可为理论界与实务界所用的、用以限制裁量权滥用的“相对的诉讼标的”理论框架。
英文摘要：
The concept of "subject matter" of claims is widely regarded as the backbone of civil procedure theory. The monistic or systematic paradigm or research pattern has been very popular among researchers of "subject matter" in China. The Chinese civil procedure law circle has tried to borrow a specific theory of "subject matter" from other civil law countries and make it the only and invariable standard applicable to every main procedural aspect. However, all the efforts under this paradigm seem to have failed either to achieve their theoretical goals, or to respond to the chaotic use of the concept in judicial practice. In other words, this research approach does not contribute much to the containment of the abuse of judicial discretion. Not surprisingly, the monistic or systematic paradigm has disappointed judges and encounters theoretical crises. Driven by such factors as new trend of theoretical development in western countries, amendments of civil procedure rules and publication of judgments online in China, a shift towards a variable or indicative paradigm is taking place. This paper reviews the new trend of development towards variable theory of subject matter in Germany, Japan, the United States and European Union, examines and distinguishes between different usages of the concept of "subject matter" in four main procedural aspects, and sums up current judicial experience in the application of the concept in each aspect. Furthermore, it carries out interpretation work on rules of civil procedure relating to "subject matter" and tries to construct an integrated concept of "subject matter" applicable to both theoretical and practical fields. Such a reintegrated concept has three layers of meaning and aims to minimize the abuse of judicial discretion in different procedural aspects.
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