再现型摄影作品之著作权认定

再现型摄影作品之著作权认定

Determination of the Copyright of Reproduced Photographic Works

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：马一德
    单位：中南财经政法大学知识产权研究中心
    中文关键词：再现型摄影作品;独创性;异体复制;时事新闻
    英文关键词：reproduced photographic works;originality;variant replication;current affairs
    中文摘要：
    再现型摄影作品是指以精确再现拍摄对象为目的的摄影作品，其独创性体现为拍摄角度、光线和阴影、曝光、滤镜使用方式等技术所实现的效果。司法实务所采的以拍摄技术选择认定再现型摄影作品独创性的做法应被矫正，而以再现照片本身较再现对象是否表达出更多的信息量为独创性与否之标准。复制因素对再现型摄影作品的独创性判定影响较大。对以立体艺术作品为再现对象的照片，在考虑其是否体现了不同于原作的独创性的同时，需结合复制的竞争性特征考虑是否可赋予其著作权。对于难以体现拍摄者的智力创造的机器自动拍摄的照片应坚持非具独创性认定，但对能够体现拍摄者的创造性表达的仍可赋予其可著作权性。当拍摄者对某一时事场景予以再现时，由单纯事实信息构成要素的部分或全部简单排列组合而成的表达形式应包括照片报道在内。通过合并原则的适用以及调高对再现时事类照片独创性的要求，可以合理界定摄影作品与时事新闻之间的界限。
    英文摘要：
    Reproduced photographic works are very common in our daily life. They aim to make a precise reproduction of the object and their originality is embodied in the combined effect realized through the use of shooting angle, lighting and shadow, exposure and filter. The judicial practice of identifying the originality of reproduced photographic works on the basis of the choice of photographic technology is incorrect and therefore should be rectified. The identification of the originality of reproduced photographic works should be based on whether the reproduced photographic work has expressed more information than the object itself. The replication factor has a bigger impact on the process of identification of the originality of reproduced photographic work. In deciding whether the photographic reproduction of a three-dimensional art work should be granted copyright, the judge should take into consideration both the originality and the competitiveness of the replication. Photographic reproductions made automatically by a machine that reflect no intellectual creation should not be granted copyright, whereas those reflecting creative expression can be granted copyright. When a photographer reproduces the scene of a current affair, the form of expression created through the simple permutation and combination of some or all elements of pure facts should include the photographic report. The boundary between photographic work and report on current affairs can be reasonably defined through the application of the merger principle and the raising of the originality requirement for photographic reproduction of current affairs.
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