修复生态环境责任的实证解析
吕忠梅,窦海阳修复生态环境责任的实证解析
Responsibility of “Restoration of Ecological Environment”: An Empirical Analysis
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：吕忠梅,窦海阳
单位：政协第十二届全国委员会社会和法制委员会驻会;武汉大学环境法研究所,中国社会科学院法学研究所
中文关键词：民事责任;生态环境损害;恢复原状;民法总则
英文关键词：civil liability;environmental damages;restoration to the original state;General Provisions of Civil Law
中文摘要：
修复生态环境责任在实践中面临两大难题：一是生态环境损害难以认定；二是修复的裁判要求难以达到妥当程度。对此，需结合法律规范和司法判决，对“生态环境损害”和“修复”进行解析。对生态环境损害的认识应在两方面展开：一是损害是生态环境的物理、化学、生物特性的不利改变以及提供生态系统服务能力的破坏、损伤；二是损害应可评估。基于修复范围、标准、方式、方案的限定和筛选，裁判中的修复要求应作出尽可能精确的妥当表达。“修复生态环境”与民法中的“恢复原状”存在很大差异，在救济对象、标准、方式等方面两者无法相提并论。民法总则未将“修复生态环境”纳入民事责任承担方式，是科学、妥当的安排。
英文摘要：
The responsibility of restoration of ecological environment faces two major difficulties in practice: firstly, the difficulty of identifying environmental damages; secondly, the difficulty for the restoration by judgment to reach the appropriate level. To overcome these two difficulties, it is necessary to analyze "environmental damages" and "restoration" in light of relevant legal norms and judicial decisions. Damages to ecological environment should be understood in the following two aspects: firstly, the damages are the adverse changes of the physical, chemical and biological natures of the ecological environment, as well as damages to the service abilities of the ecosystem. Secondly, the damages should be assessable. Based on the definition and selection of the scopes, standards, modes and schemes of restoration, the restoration in the judgments should be expressed as accurately as possible. In judicial practice, the rigid understanding of the "original state" of the ecological environment should be avoided and the scope and scale of ecological restoration should be determined in light the specific circumstances of the damaged environment. In the restoration, attention should be paid to the proper coordination between technology and law and to avoiding the tendency of relying excessively on technical indicators while ignoring the value guidance of law. The "restoration of ecological environment" is very different from the "restoration to the original state" in civil law in terms of relief objects, standards and methods. The General Provisions of Civil Law does not include "restoration of ecological environment" as a means of imposing civil liability, which is a scientific and appropriate arrangement.
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