民法总则法源条款的缺失与补充

民法总则法源条款的缺失与补充

Deficiency of and Supplement to the Source of Law Clause of the General Rules of Chinese Civil Law

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：于飞
    单位：中国政法大学民商经济法学院
    中文关键词：民法总则第10条;习惯;补充性法源;民法基本原则
    英文关键词：Article 10 of the General Rules of Chinese Civil Law;customs;the supplementary source of law;fundamental principles of Civil Law
    中文摘要：
    我国民法总则第10条规定了“法律—习惯”二位阶法源体系。该体系会造成大陆法系实证法根本矛盾无法克服、法官不得拒绝裁判无法实现、民事诉讼目的无法达致的弊端。以上弊端无法以第一位阶“法律”中已包含民法基本原则来解决，弊端的实质思想基础也值得反思。为克服以上弊端，应将“依基本原则确立的规则”作为第三位阶补充性法源，在我国背景下该表述较之其他可能选项具有更大的优越性。适用该法源时，法官具有“确立规则的义务”，并须在判决书中展示从原则到规则的推导过程，方法上应优先适用建立在平等原则基础上的类推。通过目的性扩张的方法论路径，可以在解释论上产生该第三位阶补充性法源。
    英文摘要：
    Article 10 of the General Rules of Chinese Civil Law provides for the "law-customs" two-rank hierarchy system of the source of law. However, this system has some drawbacks that are likely to cause such problems as the failure to overcome the fundamental contradictions in the positive law of the civil law system, the inability to realize the principle that the judge cannot escape verdict, and the inability to achieve the goal of civil procedure law. These drawbacks cannot be overcome by the fundamental principles of the Civil Law contained in the first-rank law and their substantive ideological basis deserves reflection. To overcome these drawbacks, the source of law of the third rank system can be supplemented by "rules established on the basis of fundamental principles", which, considering the specific condition in China, has more advantages than any other alternative. When applying this source of law, judges are obliged to establish rules first and to demonstrate in the verdict the process in which rules are deduced from principles. In addition, application by analogy based on the principle of equality should be preferred. Deficiencies in the legislation can be compensated for by intentional expansion and by the production of supplementary source of law of the third-rank system based on legal construction.
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