受贿犯罪的保护法益
张明楷受贿犯罪的保护法益
The Protected Legal Interest in Bribery Crimes
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：张明楷
单位：清华大学法学院
中文关键词：受贿犯罪;保护法益;职务行为的公正性;职务行为的不可收买性
英文关键词：bribery crimes;protected interest;fairness of duty behavior;un-purchasability of duty behavior
中文摘要：
刑法第388条、第388条之一将“为请托人谋取不正当利益”规定为斡旋受贿、利用影响力受贿罪的构成要件要素，所以，认为斡旋受贿、利用影响力受贿罪的保护法益包括职务行为的公正性，具有明显的合理性。但是，不能据此认为，普通受贿的保护法益也是职务行为的公正性。换言之，职务行为的公正性不是所有受贿犯罪共同的保护法益。在刑法分则规定了不同类型受贿犯罪的情况下，应当根据宪法的规定、刑法条文表述的构成要件内容以及受贿犯罪与相关犯罪的关系，分别阐释普通受贿、斡旋受贿与利用影响力受贿罪的保护法益。普通受贿的保护法益是职务行为的不可收买性；加重的普通受贿的保护法益则可能还包括职务行为的公正性；斡旋受贿的保护法益是被斡旋的国家工作人员职务行为的公正性，以及国家工作人员的职权或地位所形成的便利条件的不可收买性；利用影响力受贿罪的保护法益是国家工作人员职务行为的公正性，以及国民对国家工作人员职务行为不可收买性的信赖。
英文摘要：
Both Article 388 and Article 388 (A) of the Chinese Criminal Law take "seeking unlawful profits for the entruster" as one of the constitutive elements of the crime of mediatory bribe and the crime of accepting bribe by abusing influence. Therefore, it is obviously reasonable to claim that the protected interest of the aforesaid crimes should include the fairness of duty behavior. However, this should not be the reason for claiming that the fairness of duty behavior is also the protected interest of common bribery crimes. In other words, the fairness of duty behavior is not a common protected interest of all bribery crimes. Under the circumstance that the Specific Provisions of the Criminal Law have stipulated different types of bribery crimes, the protected interest of common bribery crimes, the crime of mediatory bribe and the crime of accepting bribe by abusing influence shall be interpreted separately according to the constitutional prescriptions, the constitutive elements of criminal articles and the relationships between the bribery crimes and other relevant crimes. The protected interest of common bribery crimes is the un-purchasability of duty behavior, which is a concrete legal interest that has empirical substance and deserves the protection by the criminal law. The protected interest of an aggrevated common bribery crime may include the fairness of duty behavior. The protected interest of the crime of mediatory bribe should be the fairness of duty behavior of the civil servant subjected to mediation as well as the un-purchasability of the favorable conditions brought about by the position or status of the civil servant. And the protected interest of the crime of accepting bribe by abusing influence should be the fairness of duty behavior of the civil servant and the public trust in the un-purchasability of duty behavior.
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