技术侦查证据使用问题研究
程雷技术侦查证据使用问题研究
Research on the Use of Covert Surveillance Evidence
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：程雷
单位：中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心
中文关键词：技术侦查措施;技术侦查证据;监听;证据使用
英文关键词：covert surveillance;evidence collected through covert surveillance;telephone wiretapping;use of evidence
中文摘要：
2013-2016年的司法实践状况表明，2012年刑事诉讼法第152条规定的技术侦查证据使用条款面临法律适用难题。对中国裁判文书网该期间内73例样本案件的分析，揭示了上述法律适用难题。要实现平衡技术侦查权效能与公民权利保障的目标，需完善一系列基本的技术侦查证据使用制度，包括：技术侦查材料用作证据的，必须事先告知辩方并经辩方质证方可作为定案根据；技术侦查证据的形式应当是原始的实物证据，使用传来证据的，应当适用实物证据的鉴真规则；法官可以对技术侦查证据进行庭外核实，但仍应保障辩方的质证权。为保护技术侦查方法与过程不被泄密、国家秘密、公民的人身安全，应允许在证据使用过程中设置若干变通措施，比如：使用证据替代品、衍生品；对证据来源予以保密；设立特定律师代理制度，由特定律师而非被告人本人对证据进行质证。
英文摘要：
The judicial practice in the four years since the implementation of the revised Criminal Procedure Law on January 1, 2013 has highlighted the dilemma faced by courts in the application of Article 152 of the Law. This paper reviews 73 sample cases selected from China Judicial Verdicts Website between 2013 and 2016 and shows a series of practical challenges faced by courts relating to use of surveillance evidence. To balance the value of investigation efficiency and that of civil rights protection, it is necessary to establish a series of institutions on the use of surveillance evidence. The defense lawyers should have the right to know such evidence before the trial and the chance to cross-examine it. Original evidence should be used, and if the judge wants to use hearsay evidence or alternative format of surveillance evidence, they should comply with the procedure of authentication of physical evidence. Judges can investigate such evidence out of court, but in doing so, should guarantee the right of the defendant to fair trial. And, in order to protect the interests of methods and process of investigative surveillance, national security and personal safety of related persons, policy makers can design some value-balanced procedures to use surveillance evidence, for example, to use alternative format of evidence, keep sources of evidence as confidential and establish the institution of special lawyer to cross-examine evidence.
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