著作权法限制音乐专有许可的正当性
王迁著作权法限制音乐专有许可的正当性
Justification for Imposition of Limitation on Exclusive License of Music
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：王迁
单位：华东政法大学
中文关键词：音乐作品;专有许可;制作录音制品法定许可;强制许可
英文关键词：musical works;exclusive license;legal license for the production of sound recording of musical performance;non-voluntary license
中文摘要：
音乐作品的特殊性在于其传播通常需要借助音乐表演的录音。欣赏音乐的主要渠道在前网络时代主要为购买音乐表演的录音制品，在网络时代为点播或下载音乐表演的录音。如果大量音乐作品的权利人对于录制、发行和通过网络以交互式手段传播音乐录音的权利发放专有许可，会影响人们欣赏风格各异的音乐表演，从而损害音乐文化的多样性。通过非自愿许可对此种专有许可进行限制具有正当性。同时，要提供音乐录音的点播和下载，还需要针对表演和录音取得许可。如果各录音制作者向一家数字音乐平台发放数量占绝对优势的音乐录音的专有许可，人们欣赏音乐的主要渠道就会被垄断。基于我国实体唱片市场几乎消亡的现实，对此种专有许可进行干预具有正当性。与设定非自愿许可相比，为表演和录音的专有许可规定法定期限更具有可行性。
英文摘要：
The characteristic of musical works is that their communication depends on the sound recordings of musical performance.The main channel for the public to appreciate music in the pre-network era is to purchase phonorecords of musical performance,while in the network age,it is to on-demand stream or download sound recording of musical performance.When a large number of copyright owners of musical works grant exclusive licenses to produce,distribute and make available through the network the sound recordings of their musical works,the public's interest in appreciating performance of musical works in various styles will be adversely affected,and the diversity of music culture will be impaired.So imposing limitation on exclusive license by non-voluntary license is justified.Meanwhile,in order to provide on-demand streaming and downloading of the sound recording,it is also necessary to get the license of a sound recording of musical performance from the performer and the producer.When all producers grant one digital music service platform exclusive license to stream or download the overwhelming number of sound recordings,the main channel for the public to appreciate music will be monopolized.Based on the reality that the physical market of musical sound recording is diminishing in China,it is justified to intervene in such exclusive license.Compared to imposing non-voluntary license,setting legal limits on the duration of exclusive license is more advisable.
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