多数人之债的类型建构
李中原多数人之债的类型建构
Type Construction of the Plurality of Debtors or Creditors
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：李中原
单位：苏州大学王健法学院
中文关键词：多数人之债;可分之债;不可分之债;协同之债
英文关键词：plurality of debtors or creditors;divisible obligation;indivisible obligation;joint obligation
中文摘要：
关于多数人之债的类型化，争议主要在于是否需要规定不可分之债或协同之债。可分之债与不可分之债的区分只是确定多数人之债实现方式的一种中间性的辅助手段，而且由于二者的区分在标准上存在歧义且操作复杂，该辅助手段的实用价值有限。围绕可分之债与不可分之债所形成的传统规则大多与按份之债、连带之债以及协同之债密切相关。编纂中的我国民法典关于多数人之债的规定，应当不采传统大陆法系将可分之债、不可分之债与按份之债、连带之债并列或者混合规定的模式，而采取以债的实现方式为导向的类型化模式，于按份之债和连带之债以外设置协同之债的规定。协同之债的本质特征在于共同实施性。在立法上设置协同之债的必要规则，既是基于多数人之债法律体系上的完备性要求，也是基于审判实践之需。
英文摘要：
The dispute over the categorization of the plurality of debtors or creditors mainly lies in the question of whether it is necessary to stipulate indivisible obligation or joint obligation.The distinction between divisible obligation and indivisible obligation is only an intermediate and auxiliary means to determine the mode of implementation of plurality of debtors or creditors,and,because the distinction between the two is ambiguous in standard and complex in operation,the practical value of this auxiliary means is limited.Most traditional rules on divisible obligation and indivisible obligation are closely related to separate obligation,solidary obligation and joint obligation.In formulating the rules on plurality of debtors or creditors in the future Chinese Civil Code,China should abandon the traditional continental law mode of juxtaposition or mixing of divisible obligation,indivisible obligation,separate obligation,and solidary obligation,and adopt a classification system based on the mode of implementation of obligation,that is,setting rules of joint obligation beside those on separate obligation and solidary obligation.The essential feature of joint obligation lies in its common implementation.The establishment of rules on joint obligation in legislation is required both by the completeness of the legal system of the plurality of debtors or creditors and by judicial practice.
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