代理公开的例外类型和效果
朱虎代理公开的例外类型和效果
Exceptions to Disclosed Agency and their Corresponding Legal Effects
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：朱虎
单位：中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心、中国人民大学法学院
中文关键词：公开代理；不公开代理；间接代理；介入权；选择权
英文关键词：disclosed agency, undisclosed agency, indirect agency, right of intervention, right of choice
中文摘要：
代理人公开代理但未公开被代理人的情形，仍属于民法总则第162条的适用范围。合同法第402条规定的代理人未公开代理而相对人知情的情形，是代理公开原则在具体情形中的进一步延伸。区分公开代理和不公开代理的标准并非名义，而是相对人是否知道代理事实，其适用范围应从意思表示解释角度严格认定。代理人未公开代理而相对人不知情的情形由合同法第403条规定，该条并非效果直接归属规范，教义上可采取债权转让和债务移转的解释构造，具体规则虽有进一步补充完善的余地，但整体上能够在区分不同类型的风险的基础上妥当平衡被代理人、代理人和相对人的三方利益，具有价值正当性。
英文摘要：
The circumstance where an agent has disclosed the existence of a principal, but not the principal’s identity still falls within the scope of application of Article 162 of General Provisions of the Civil Law of PRC. The circumstance regulated by Article 402 of the Chinese Contract Law, where an agent acts in its own name but the third party is aware of the existence of a principal, is the further extension of the principle of agency disclosure in certain cases, and the scope of application of this Article should be determined strictly on the basis of interpretation of declaration of will. The criterion to distinguish between the disclosed and undisclosed agencies is not the name, but whether the third party is aware of the fact that the agent acts on behalf of a principal. If the agent acts in its own name and the third party is unaware of the existence of a principal, Article 403 of the Contract Law shall apply. This article is not a norm that determines the attribution of legal effect directly, but can be interpreted as assignment of creditor’s right and transfer of obligation. Although the specific rules need to be further perfected, they have value legitimacy in balancing the interests of the principal, the agent and the third party on the basis of distinguishing different types of risks.
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