农村土地承包法修改后的承包地法权配置
高圣平农村土地承包法修改后的承包地法权配置
Allocation of Legal Rights to Contracted Rural Land after the Revision of the Rural Land Contracting Law
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：高圣平
单位：中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心、中国人民大学法学院
中文关键词：农村基本经营制度；三权分置；土地承包经营权；土地经营权
英文关键词：the basic rural management system, the Separation of Three Rights, the land contracted management right, the land management right
中文摘要：
巩固和完善农村基本经营制度是推进体制机制创新、强化乡村振兴制度性供给的重要方面，也是修改农村土地承包法的基本出发点。在“三权分置”政策的指导下，2018年农村土地承包法将承包地的产权结构确定为“土地所有权→土地承包经营权→土地经营权”，其中前者派生出后者；原农村土地承包法中“以其他承包方式取得的土地承包经营权”被重构为土地经营权。土地承包经营权是具有身份属性的用益物权，承包方可以出租（转包）、入股或者以其他方式为他人派生土地经营权。土地经营权是市场化的财产权利，在性质上属于债权，经登记的土地经营权具有类似于物权的效力。土地承包经营权和土地经营权均可充任抵押财产，但土地承包经营权上之抵押权实现时，抵押权人仅得以土地经营权的流转价款优先受偿，不得以土地承包经营权变价受偿。
英文摘要：
Consolidating and improving the basic rural management system is an important aspect of promoting institutional innovation and strengthening the institutional supply of rural revitalization, as well as the basic starting point of the revision of the Rural Land Contracting Law. Under the guidance of the policy of “the Separation of Three Rights”, the Rural Land Contracting Law (as amended in 2018) defines the property right structure of rural land as “land ownership→land contracted management right→land management right”, in which the latter is derived from the former. The land contracted management right is a kind of usufructuary rights of identity nature. The contractor may derive the land management right for others by leasing (subcontracting), becoming a shareholder or by other means. The land management right is a kind of marketized property rights belonging to the category of right in personam. The registered land management right has the effect similar to right in rem. Both the land contracted management right and the land management right can be used as mortgaged property, but when the mortgage right of the land contracted management right is realized, the mortgagee can only have priority to receive compensation from the transfer price of the land management right, and cannot transfer the land contracted management right by auction or private sale.
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