宅基地立法政策与宅基地使用权制度改革
韩松宅基地立法政策与宅基地使用权制度改革
Legislative Policy on Homestead and Institutional Reform of the Rightto the Use of Homestead
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：韩松
单位：西北政法大学民商法学院
中文关键词：宅基地所有权；宅基地农户资格权；宅基地使用权；宅基地空间经营权；宅基地法定租赁权
英文关键词：homestead ownership, right to use homestead, homestead farmers’ qualification right, the spatial management right of homestead, the statutory leasehold of the homestead
中文摘要：
宅基地“三权分置”政策的提出并没有改变宅基地基本政策，没有改变宅基地是农民住房用地的性质。解决农民宅基地闲置和房屋空余问题，提高资源配置效率，不是单纯地对宅基地使用权赋权扩能的问题，而是落实集体土地所有权、保障农户资格权和房屋财产权、适度放活宅基地和农民房屋使用权等多方面的综合改革。改革的制度设计必须遵循基本立法政策，符合宅基地使用权的性质，不应单纯为宅基地使用权赋权扩能。对宅基地的客体空间范围应予界定，宅基地的地上、地下空间发展权应按照规划赋予农民集体，农民集体应当享有宅基地空间经营权。在农民房屋所有权变动中，因受让人不具有集体成员资格而发生的宅基地使用问题，在生活居住目的范围，应当由集体为受让人设定宅基地法定租赁权；在商住、经营范围，应当由集体为受让人设定集体经营性建设用地使用权。对于农户资格权，应在农民集体所有权成员权中加以规定。
英文摘要：
The policy of “separation of three homestead rights” has changed neither the basic homestead policy, nor the nature of homestead as a housing land for farmers. Solving the problem of idle rural homestead and housing vacancies and improving the efficiency of resource allocation is not a simple question of granting and expanding the right to the use of rural homestead, but a comprehensive reform that involves implementing collective land ownership, guaranteeing farmers’ right of qualification and housing property rights, and moderately liberalizing the right to the use of rural homestead and houses. The institutional design of the reform must follow the basic legislative policies and conform to the nature of the right to the use of homestead, rather than simply granting the right to the use of homestead and expanding its capacity. The scope of the objective space of homestead should be defined, the right to develop the aboveground and underground spaces of the homestead should be granted to farmers’ collective according to plans, and farmers’ collective should enjoy the spatial management right of homestand. In the change of farmers’ house ownership, the statutory leasehold of homestead should be set by collectives for assignees within the scope of living purpose. In commercial and residential areas and business areas, collectives should set the right to the use of collective profitoriented construction land for transferees. The homestead farmers’ qualification right should be stipulated as part of famers’ collective ownership rights.
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