我国民事自认的非约束性及其修正

我国民事自认的非约束性及其修正

Non-binding Nature of Chinese Civil Admission System and Its Revision

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：段文波
    单位：西南政法大学
    中文关键词：principle of debate; issue determination; civil admission; effect of eliminating adjudication
    英文关键词：principle of debate; issue determination; civil admission; effect of eliminating adjudication
    中文摘要：
    我国于2001年设立了以英美法为样板的自认制度，但其并非诉讼体制转向当事人主义的一环，而是法院提高诉讼效率、简化审理的手段之一。从立法规定和司法运作来看，我国法上的自认具有非约束性特征，具体表现为适用对象泛化、成立场域扩大化与拘束效力单向化。这不仅导致当事人在庭审中倾向于一概否认对方陈述，抑制了辩论的活性，自认的争点压缩机能也随之丧失殆尽。从法律移植的便宜性、亲缘性而言，完善自认制度应当借鉴大陆法系的相关经验，并以辩论主义为理论基础。在以争点为中心的新型两阶段审理模式中，自认应限于争点整理程序期日，并以主要事实和重要的间接事实为对象，同时注重当事人排除争点的意思要素，以保障当事人自由主张和辩论。
    英文摘要：
    In 2001, China established a civil admission system modelled on the similar institution in the common law system. However, the establishment of this system was not a link in the transition of the litigation system towards the adversary system, but a means to enhance litigation efficiency and simplify adjudication for the court. From the perspective of litigation and judicial practice, this system is a non-binding system, characterized by generalization of application objects, broadening of the scope of application, and unilateralization of the binding force. This system not only fails to realize its function of enhancing dispute resolution, but also leads to the tendency of the parties to entirely deny the opposite party's statements and the suppression the active debate. The issue contraction function of the admission system is also damaged. From the perspective of the convenience of transplantation and the similarity of legal systems, the admission system may be improved only by referring to the experience of the civil law system and basing on the principle of debate. Under the new two-phased adjudication model, which takes issue clarification as the center, the admission should be limited to the issue clarification procedures and concerned with material facts and important collateral facts. It should also emphasize the parties' will of eliminating issues, so as to guranteen the parties' right of free argument and active debate.
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