论权利之功能
张恒山论权利之功能
On the Function of Rights
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：张恒山
单位：天津大学法学院
中文关键词：权利本体;权利载体;权利之功能;权利理论
英文关键词：ontology of rights; carrier of rights; function of rights; theory of rights
中文摘要：
权利本体、权利载体和权利之功能是权利概念的三个基本要素。权利本体是权利性行为的正当性，标示的是社会群体成员普遍对该行为表示的赞同性意见或态度。权利载体是正当性所指向的行为，包括自为行为、对物行为、对人行为、令他行为。权利之功能是社会群体的赞同性评判态度对于主体行为的功能，是在权利概念系统内权利本体对权利载体的作用。权利之功能具体包括认可、示善、示选、排他、禁侵、示助六种，六种功能相互关联，缺少其一就不足以构成权利概念。权利之功能的重点在于，向社会其他主体表达权利性行为的“不受侵犯性”和“可获帮助性”。在权利本体概念的基础上阐释权利之功能，有助于澄清有关权利概念的诸种误解，型构当代中国法学关于权利阐释的理论话语。
英文摘要：
The ontology of rights, the carriers of rights and the function of rights are the three basic elements of the concept of rights. The ontology of right is the justification of rights behavior. It expresses a general approving opinion or attitude of the members of the social group towards a certain behavior. The carriers of rights are the behaviors directed by justification, including self-directed behaviors, behaviors directed to things, behaviors directed to other persons, and behaviors of commanding others. The function of rights is the function of the approving attitude of the social group towards the subject behavior, and it is also the effect of the ontology of rights on the carriers of rights within the framework of the concept of rights. The function of rights can be divided into six related specific types, namely acceptance, show of goodwill, show of selection, exclusion, prohibition of infringement, and show of help. The concept of rights cannot be constructed if anyone of them is missing. The emphasis of the function of rights is on the expression of “the inviolability” and “the availability of help” of the rights behavior to other social subjects. The interpretation on the functions of rights based on the ontology of rights is conductive to the elimination of the misunderstandings on the the concepts of rights and the construction of the theory on rights interpretations in Chinese jurisprudence.
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