WTO《多方临时上诉仲裁安排》：基于仲裁的上诉替代
石静霞WTO《多方临时上诉仲裁安排》：基于仲裁的上诉替代
WTO Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration: An Alternative to Appellate Review Based on Arbitration
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：石静霞
单位：中国人民大学法学院
中文关键词：上诉仲裁;《多方临时上诉仲裁安排》;DSU第25条;WTO争端解决
英文关键词：appeal arbitration; Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration; DSU Article 25; WTO dispute settlement
中文摘要：
中国、欧盟等WTO成员近期达成的《多方临时上诉仲裁安排》（MPIA），是自2019年12月11日WTO上诉机构被迫停止运作以来，部分成员为应对WTO争端解决危机所取得的最重要进展。MPIA基于DSU第25条设计，其实质在于依托仲裁，替代上诉，并具有临时性和开放性的特点，是在上诉机构停摆期间继续维护两审终审并确保裁决约束力的惟一务实及合法选择。上诉仲裁在程序启动和裁决生效两方面体现仲裁要素，从而使其有别于WTO上诉审议；但在仲裁员遴选及组庭、审理程序、法律适用及裁决执行监督等方面，则基本复制了上诉审议程序，显示了其替代上诉的实质，回应解决了参加成员在特殊时期的上诉需求。在制度创新方面，MPIA融入若干提高程序效率的规定，试图在危机背景下回应WTO上诉机制的改革需要。我国在MPIA的谈判和达成过程中发挥了关键作用，须在继续坚持多边贸易体制、寻求长久解决上诉机构危机方法的同时，尝试通过该机制解决涉我WTO案件的上诉问题。
英文摘要：
China, EU and other 17 WTO members notified the WTO of the conclusion of a Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration (MPIA) among themselves on April 30, 2020. This is the most significant breakthrough in coping with the crisis of Appellate Body, which ceased its operation on December 11, 2019 due to the continuous blockage of the appointment of new members of the Appellate Body by US since 2017. As a creative interim and open arrangement, MPIA serves as an alternative to appellate review aimed at maintaining the core features of WTO dispute settlement mechanism, i.e., a two-stage process and binding decisions. Based on Article 25 ("Arbitration") of DSU, MPIA largely replicates appellate review procedures while incorporating limited elements of arbitration. The arbitration elements differentiate appeal arbitration from the previous appellate review in WTO litigation. However, most aspects of appeal arbitration, including the selection of arbitrators, case hearing and decision-making procedures and enforcement mechanism, are basically replications of DSU Article 17 and Working Procedures of Appellate Review. The several innovative articles on streamlining the procedures are put into place in response to the criticism of the Appellate Body by US. Interim appeal arbitration not only functions as a practical appeal avenue that meets the need of participating members during the paralysis of the Appellate Body, but also showcases the confidence held by WTO members in reviving the Appellate Body. As a responsible member of the WTO with sense and sensibility, China plays a key role in negotiating and concluding the MPIA. It is advisable that China, despite its ultimate goal of reincarnating the Appellate Body, consider utilizing MIPA to bring its disputes with other participating members into a mutually satisfactory solution.
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