基本权利冲突及其解决思路
王锴基本权利冲突及其解决思路
Conflicts of Fundamental Rights and Their Solutions
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：王锴
单位：
中文关键词：基本权利;权利冲突;国家保护义务;实践调和原则;比例原则
英文关键词：fundamental rights; conflict of rights; state's obligation to protect fundamental rights; practical reconciliation; proportionality
中文摘要：
基本权利冲突是权利冲突的子类型。民事权利冲突只在私人之间发生，而基本权利冲突在“私人—国家—私人”的三方关系中发生。基本权利冲突的解决，无法诉诸基本权利的第三人效力，而主要依靠国家履行义务。解决基本权利冲突需要采取体系化的思路：针对潜在的基本权利冲突，应通过程序设计尽量避免冲突的实际发生；基本权利冲突发生后，应先通过实践调和原则寻找最优解决方案，避免一方基本权利作出退让，以使双方基本权利都能得到最大程度的实现；若无最优解决方案，则通过权利位阶和比例原则确定可以接受的解决方案，再通过过度禁止审查和不足禁止审查，确保解决方案的合宪。
英文摘要：
Conflicts of fundamental rights are a sub-type of conflict of rights. Conflicts of civil rights only occurs between private individuals, while conflicts of fundamental rights occur in the triple structure of "private individual-the state-private individual". In the solution of conflicts of fundamental rights, the third-party validity of fundamental rights should not be resorted to, and the state's performance of its obligations should be mainly relied on. The resolution of conflicts of fundamental rights requires a systematic approach, that is, for potential conflicts of fundamental rights, their actual occurrence should be avoided as much as possible through procedure design, while for the conflicts of fundamental rights which have already occurred, the best solution should be found through practical reconciliation to avoid the concession by any party on his own fundamental rights and realize to the greatest extent the fundamental rights of both parties. When there is no optimal solution, an acceptable solution should be determined through the application of the principle of right rank and the principle of proportionality, and then excessive prohibition review and insufficient prohibition review should be adopted to ensure that the solution is constitutional.
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