论选择性要素的认识错误
柏浪涛论选择性要素的认识错误
Perceiving Errors on Selective Elements
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：柏浪涛
单位：
中文关键词：选择性要素|对象错误|打击错误|法定符合说|具体符合说
英文关键词：selective elements|target error|strike error|theory of statutory conformity|theory of specific conformity
中文摘要：
关于选择性要素的认识错误,首要的问题在于选择性要素是不是独立的客观构成要件要素。从罪刑规范的角度看,法条描述的用语不等于构成要件要素,处在同一罪刑规范内的选择性要素不一定具有等价性。从违法性的角度看,“立法意思的完备性”标准具有适用上的随意性,“条文宣示”标准则有机械主义之嫌。应根据逻辑关系和规范目的来判断选择性要素的地位。如果选择性要素具有共同上位概念,且该概念满足构成要件要素的类型性与违法性特征,则该概念是不成文的构成要件要素,选择性要素是其具体示例。这种选择性要素的对象错误不能排除故意。并列关系、互斥关系、交叉关系及特别关系的选择性要素的对象错误,均可依这种“上位概念法”予以处理。具体符合说的“具体”是指具体的构成要件要素,而非构成要件要素的具体示例。法定符合说以罪刑规范的同一性为由,认为选择性要素一律具有等价性,这种认定等价性的理由并不充分,且未指出故意的认识对象究竟是哪个客观构成要件要素,实际上违反了客观构成要件要素的故意规制机能。
英文摘要：
The primary issue of perceiving errors on selective elements is whether selective elements are independent constituent elements. From the perspective of the norms of crimes and punishments, terms described in the law are not equal to constituent elements, and selective elements within the same norms of crimes and punishments are not necessarily equivalent to each other. From the perspective of illegality, the standard of “the completeness of legislative meaning” may be arbitrary in application, while the standard of “the declaration of provisions” may be stiff and rigid. The status of selective elements should be judged on the basis of logic and legislative purpose. If selective elements have a common superordinate concept that meets the requirements of constituent elements in respect of type and illegality, the superordinate concept is the unwritten constituent element, and selective elements are specific instances of it. The intention should not be excluded from the perceiving targets errors on selective elements. Such method can be used to perceiving targets errors on selective elements with parallel relations, mutually exclusive relations, cross relations, and special relations. The specificity in the theory of specific conformity refers to the specific constituent elements, rather than specific instances of the constituent elements. The theory of statutory conformity, based on the identity of the norms of crimes and punishments, deems that all selective elements are equivalent. However, the grounds for such equivalence are insufficient, and the theory does not point out which objective constituent element is the intended perceiving target, thus violates the function of intentional regulation of objective constituent elements.
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