行政审批改革政策试验机制的法治化图景
卢超行政审批改革政策试验机制的法治化图景
Policy Experiment Mechanism in the Administrative Approval Reform and Its Prospect of Rule of Law
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：卢超
单位：中国社会科学院法学研究所
中文关键词：行政审批;政策试验;行政许可法;许可评价机制;容错机制
英文关键词：administrative approval; policy experiment; Administrative Licensing Law; license evaluation system; fault-tolerant mechanism
中文摘要：
在全面深化改革的背景下，政策试验机制在行政审批改革领域中获得了前所未有的深度应用，这极大地加速了中国行政规制改革的进程。然而，由于行政许可法对行政审批改革的拘束乏力，当前的政策试验面临科学性与法治化水平相对不足的困境，中央统筹与地方自主、政治弹性与法治拘束之间的张力亟待缓解。重构审批改革政策试验程序并设立专业化的行政机构，是有效提升审批改革试验科学性与法治化水平的重要途径。未来修改行政许可法时，可考虑增设审批改革试验的专项授权条款，以强化试验授权程序的规范性；细化许可评价程序、明确评价方法、设立专业化的评价机构，以增强许可评价条款在审批改革试验中的可适用性；增设创新容错条款，以有效提升地方在审批改革试验中的能动性和创新积极性。
英文摘要：
In the background of comprehensively deepen reform in China, the policy experiment mechanism has been widely applied in the administrative approval reform. It has accelerated the administrative regulation reform process in China greatly. Nevertheless, the policy experiment mechanism is challenged by limited scientific and legalization level due to the weak restraint of Administrative Licensing Law on administrative approval reform. The institutional tension between central coordination and local autonomy and the tension between political flexibility and the rule of law need to be alleviated. It is concluded that to reconstruct the process of policy experiment procedures and to set up a scientific and professional administrative agency are important ways to effectively improve the scientific and legalization level of administrative approval reform experiments. It is suggested that a special authorization clause for administrative approval reform experiments should be added to improve the standardization and operability of policy experiment authorization procedure in the future when the Administrative Licensing Law will be amended. It is also important to refine license evaluation procedures, to clarify license evaluation methods, and to establish a professional license evaluation agency to enhance the applicability of license evaluation clause in administrative approval reform experiment. Finally, a fault-tolerant mechanism clause should be added in the Administrative Licensing Law to effectively enhance the local initiative and the innovation enthusiasm.
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