履行行政职责的作为可能性
林鸿潮履行行政职责的作为可能性
Possibility of the Act in Performing Administrative Duties
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：林鸿潮
单位：中国政法大学法治政府研究院
中文关键词：行政职责;可问责性;行政不作为;作为可能性
英文关键词：administrative duty; accountability; administrative omission; possibility of act
中文摘要：
有关行政机关履职评价的既有理论和制度，聚焦于对作为义务和结果回避可能性的考察，而未真正涉及对行政机关作为可能性的讨论。相关理论假定，立法已经解决了行政职责和行政能力的匹配问题，或相关权责安排已通过民主立法程序得到正当化。但是，我国立法机关对行政资源的配置并不享有实质上的决定权，目标与能力不匹配的行政任务在我国法律中大量存在。要准确评价行政机关的履职状况，在考察作为义务、结果回避可能性之外，还需将分散在机构编制管理、预算、规划等体系中的行政资源配置情况进行“拼组”，综合考虑行政资源的可及性、充足性及其与行政任务的匹配度，确定对行政机关作为可能性的合理预期。在不(完全)具备作为可能性的情况下，应结合行政机关是否采取了替代性履职方案、是否积极调剂其他行政资源、是否合理调节了公众预期等因素，最终评价其履职情况并确定其责任。
英文摘要：
The existing theories and systems related to the performance evaluation of administrative organs focus on the investigation of the duty of act and the possibility to avoid the consequence, but do not really involve the discussion of the possibility of act. Relevant theories assume that the problem of the match between administrative duties and administrative capacities has been solved by legislation or that relevant power and responsibility arrangements have been justified through democratic legislative procedures. However, Chinese legislature does not have the substantive power to decide on the allocation of administrative resources and there are many administrative tasks in Chinese law whose goals and capacities do not match. To accurately evaluate the performance of an administrative organ, in addition to examining the duty of act and the possibility to avoid the consequence, it is also necessary to integrate the allocation of administrative resources scattering in the system of organization management, budget, planning and so on, comprehensively consider the accessibility and adequacy of administrative resources and their degree of match with administrative tasks, and determine the reasonable expectation of the possibility of act of the administrative organ. In the case of impossibility or incomplete possibility of act, the duty performance of an administrative organ should be evaluated and its liability should be determined in light of such factors as whether it has adopted an alternative performance plan, whether it has actively requested other administrative resources, and whether it has reasonably adjusted public expectations.
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