一致解释原则的功能及适用要件
彭岳一致解释原则的功能及适用要件
Function and Application Requirements of the Principle of Consistent Interpretation
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：彭岳
单位：
中文关键词：一致解释原则;司法遵从原则;条约适用;涉外法治
英文关键词：the principle of consistent interpretation; the principle of judicial deference; treaty application; foreign-related rule of law
中文摘要：
作为成文法解释方法之一，国内法与国际法一致解释原则有助于促进国际条约在国内的实施。在对外开放的语境下，我国最高人民法院分别针对国际贸易行政案件和涉外商事案件引入了一致解释原则，以在国内法层面履行国际条约义务。两类案件所涉一致解释原则的适用要件基本相同，但在规章能否阻却一致解释原则适用方面存在区别，从而对国际条约的国内适用产生重大影响。国际贸易行政案件参照适用规章有其合理性，但因法院过度关注WTO协定是否具有直接适用效力，疏于分析规章的合法有效性，致使一致解释原则与司法遵从原则之间的关系处于被遮蔽的状态。涉外商事案件中涉及的规章通常仅是裁判说理的依据，只有在规章内容涉及特定类型公序良俗时，才能有限地阻却一致解释原则的适用。基于统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治之理念，一致解释原则的适用应严格限制在涉外法律关系之中，并与条约的直接适用制度一道，构成具有中国特色的条约国内实施法律体系。
英文摘要：
As one of the approaches to the interpretation of statutory law, the principle of consistent interpretation of domestic and international laws helps to facilitate the domestic implementation of international treaties. In the context of opening up to the outside world, the Supreme People’s Court of China introduces the principle of consistent interpretation in administrative cases of international trade and foreign-related commercial cases, so as to fulfill the obligations of China under international treaties at the domestic level. In these two kinds of cases, the application requirements of this principle are largely the same, but there are differences in whether departmental rules can obstruct the application of this principle, thereby having a crucial impact on the domestic application of international treaties. It is reasonable to apply departmental rules by analogy in administrative cases of international trade. However, courts have paid too much attention to whether WTO agreements have direct applicability and neglected the analysis of the legal validity of applicable departmental rules, resulting in the vagueness of the relationship between principles of consistent interpretation and judicial deference. Departmental rules involved in foreign-related commercial cases are merely the basis of reasoning. Only when specific public order and good morals are involved can departmental rules obstruct the application of the principle of consistent interpretation to a limited extent. Based on the idea of promoting the domestic rule of law and the foreign-related rule of law as a whole, the application scope of the principle of consistent interpretation should be limited to foreign-related legal relations. Consistent interpretation, together with the direct application of treaties, constitutes a legal system of domestic implementation of treaties with Chinese characteristics.
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