超越所有权保留的名实之争——选择性救济路径之证成
庄加园超越所有权保留的名实之争——选择性救济路径之证成
Beyondthe Debate between Name and Natureinthe Field of Retention of Title
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：庄加园
单位：
中文关键词：所有权保留;附条件买卖;买卖合同;取回权
英文关键词：retention of title; conditional sales; sales contract; right of reclamation
中文摘要：
民法典第641条第1款体现了对价牵连原则，出卖人有权在买受人不能按约支付价款时解除合同并请求返还标的物。第641条第2款规定的“未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人”旨在担保价款债权清偿，通过登记公示制度保留优先顺位。出卖人可以在两款救济中择一行使，但两者不能并存。保留所有权若仿效功能主义立法模式强行解释为担保物权，不免混淆当事人交易的真实目的和效果意思，有损契约自由，而且难以融入以绝对所有权为基础的我国物权法。在维持所有权构造的框架下，解释者通过削弱出卖人的所有权地位、加强买受人的实体权利，可以平衡双方的权利义务。当买受人迟延支付价款时，出卖人既有权在合同解除后主张返还清算，也有权临时性取回标的物，并在变价时放弃所有权移转的停止条件，以实现价款优先受偿。出卖人取回标的物时，未经登记的保留所有权也可对抗扣押债权人和破产管理人，但不得对抗善意取得人。
英文摘要：
Article 641 Paragraph 1 of the Chinese Civil Code has the effect of concurrent condition and the seller has the right to terminate the contract and request the return of the goods when the buyer fails to pay the price as agreed. Article 641 Paragraph 2 of the Code, which provides that “the ownership of the subject matter retained by a seller, without being registered, may not be asserted against a bona fide third person”, aims to guarantee the payment of the creditor’s rights in the price and retains the priority order through the registration and notice filing system. A retention-of-title seller has the right to choose either the remedy in Paragraph 1 or that in Paragraph 2, but not both. Interpreting retention of title as a security interest from a functionalist viewpoint will not only inevitably confuse the true purpose and effect of the transaction between the parties and damage the freedom of contract, but also make it difficult for the retention of title to integrate itself into the absolute ownership of the property law system of China. Under the framework of maintaining the ownership structure, interpreters can achieve a balance between the rights and obligations of both parties by weakening the ownership status of the seller and strengthening the substantive rights of the buyer. When the buyer delays payment, the seller has the right to take back the goods temporarily and waive the conditions for deferral of the transfer of title in order to get the price paid with priority. He also has the right to reclamation and liquidation after the contract is terminated. When the seller reclaims the retained goods, the unregistered retention-of-title seller also has the right against the seizure creditor and the insolvency representative, but not against bona fide acquirers, including the secured party.
全文阅读： 点击下载
