数据何以确权

数据何以确权

Confirmation of Data Rights: Why and How

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：王利明
    单位：
    中文关键词：数据确权;数据流通;双重权益结构;合理使用
    英文关键词：confirmation of data rights; data circulation; the dual structure of rights and interests; reasonable use
    中文摘要：
    我国民法典已经确认了数据的民事权益客体属性，为数据确权提供了民事基本法层面的依据。虽然有关数据政策和地方性立法确认了数据权益，但在全国性立法层面并没有对数据确权作出回应。数据确权是数据立法需要解决的关键问题，数据确权有利于保护劳动，可激励数据生产，促进数据流通，强化数据保护。由于现有法律制度如反不正当竞争法、知识产权法、个人信息保护法等无法实现对数据的全面保护，因此数据确权立法势在必行。数据立法要在区分数据来源者和数据处理者权利的基础上，构建数据确权的双重权益结构，尊重和保护数据来源者的在先权益，确认和保护数据处理者的财产权益，包括持有权、使用权、收益权、处置权以及数据财产权遭受侵害或者妨碍时的停止侵害、排除妨碍和消除危险请求权。
    英文摘要：
    The Chinese Civil Code has confirmed the attribute of data as the object of civil law rights, thereby providing the basis for the confirmation of data rights at the level of basic civil law. Although data rights and interests have been confirmed by the relevant data policies and local legislations, there is still no response to the issue of the confirmation of data rights by the legislation at the national level. Confirmation of data rights, as a key issue to be dealt with in data legislation, is conducive to protecting labor, stimulating data production, promoting data circulation and strengthening data protection. Because existing legal systems in China, such as anti-unfair competition law, intellectual property law and personal information protection law, cannot realize the comprehensive protection of data, it is imperative for China to adopt legislation on data confirmation. In data legislation, China should, on the basis of distinguishing between the rights of data sources and those of data processors, construct a dual rights and interests structure for data rights confirmation, respect and protect the prior rights and interests of data sources, and confirm and protect the property rights and interests of data processors, including their right to hold, use, benefit from and dispose of data, as well as the right to stop infringement, remove obstacles and eliminate dangers when their data property rights are infringed upon or obstructed.
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