期待可能性理论的引入及限定性适用
钱叶六期待可能性理论的引入及限定性适用
Theory of Anticipated Possibility: Its Introduction and Limited Application
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：钱叶六
单位：苏州大学王健法学院
中文关键词：期待可能性;阶层式犯罪构成体系;责任减免事由;超法规的期待可能性事由
英文关键词：anticipated possibility;hierarchical constitution of crime;deduction and exemption reason of liability;the reasons of anticipated possibility of extra-statute
中文摘要：
期待可能性理论不仅具有对实定法相关规范(法定的责任减免事由)的解释功能,在特定场合下,还能为超法规的期待可能性事由(超法规的责任减免事由)的具体适用提供理论根据.区分违法要件和责任要件的阶层式犯罪构成体系在我国刑法学中的确立和发展,为期待可能性理论的引入及其应用排除了体系上的障碍.基于刑法安定性的要求,应严格限定超法规的期待可能性事由的适用条件,合理划定其适用范围.实践中,可以考虑适用超法规的期待可能性事由的情形,主要限于牺牲他人生命保全自己生命的紧急避险、安乐死、执行上级的违法命令、本犯单纯妨害作证、近亲属妨害司法、单纯脱逃、妇女不堪忍受长期家庭暴力而杀夫、迫于生活困难而出卖子女以及妇女因生活所迫而重婚等一些特殊的案件.
英文摘要：
In dogmatics of criminal law, the theory of anticipated possibility not only has the function of interpreting the relevant norms in positive law (statutory deduction and exemption reason of liability), but also can, on particular occasions, provide the theoretical basis for the limited application of anticipated possibility reason (liability's deduction and exemption reason of extra-statute) beyond the positive law. The establishment and development of the system of hierarchical constitution of crime that distinguishes between illegality and subjective responsibility have cleared the way for the introduction of the theory of anticipated possibility and its application in China. In order to maintain the stability of criminal law, the applicable conditions of the reasons of anticipated possibility of extra-statute should be strictly limited so that the scope of its application will be reasonably restricted. In practice, the application of the reasons of anticipated possibility of extra-statute is mainly confined to some special cases, such as the emergency act for the saving of life, euthanasia, the execution of illegal order from higher authorities, the offender's simple act of impairing testimony, impairment of judicial administration by the offender's near relatives, simple escape, killing of husbands by women suffering from long-term domestic violence, selling of children by parent pressed with hard life, bigamy committed by a woman because of hard life, and so on.
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